Failure to Implement Antibiotic and Diabetes Management Orders Resulting in ICU Admission
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to assess a newly admitted resident prior to admission and to identify and implement critical physician orders related to antibiotic therapy and blood glucose management. The resident was an adult female with diagnoses including a vesicointestinal fistula, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia, and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, and was cognitively intact with a BIMS score of 14. Admitting physician orders included long-acting insulin (Semglee), sliding-scale insulin (NovoLOG), use of a FreeStyle Libre 2 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor, blood glucose checks before meals and at bedtime with provider notification if values were <60 or >400 mg/dL, and prophylactic antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole) following recent surgery and hospitalization. The facility’s records from admission through several days afterward showed no evidence that the antibiotic orders were transcribed or administered, and no baseline blood glucose assessment was completed upon admission. From admission through the days leading up to the resident’s hospitalization, multiple blood glucose readings were documented in the 459–512 mg/dL range, which exceeded the ordered notification parameter of >400 mg/dL. Despite these critically elevated readings, there was no documentation that the physician or PACE providers were notified as required by the resident’s orders and the facility’s blood glucose monitoring policy. The medication administration record and blood glucose logs also showed no documented nighttime blood glucose checks, even though orders specified monitoring before meals and at bedtime. Although a FreeStyle Libre 2 CGM sensor was documented as applied on one date, interviews with nursing staff and leadership revealed that staff were unfamiliar with consistent use of the Libre system, had not been trained, and did not routinely utilize CGM devices, instead relying on glucometer readings. Interviews with PACE nurses and the PACE NP indicated that orders for antibiotics, probiotics, insulin, and the CGM device had been sent upon the resident’s discharge from the hospital, but these orders were not implemented as written by the facility. PACE staff reported that the resident had multiple blood glucose readings outside ordered parameters without physician notification, that nighttime blood glucose checks were not obtained as ordered, and that the continuous glucose monitoring system was not implemented. Facility staff, including LVNs and RNs involved in the admission and subsequent care, acknowledged delays and discrepancies in medication reconciliation, uncertainty about whether antibiotics were ordered or administered, lack of training and supplies for the Libre device, and inconsistent communication with external providers. The DON and ADON further acknowledged that medication reconciliation was not completed for this resident upon admission, that hospital records were not consistently reviewed prior to implementing care, and that there was no standardized process to ensure implementation of continuous glucose monitoring orders. As a result of these failures, the resident was later transferred to the hospital, where she was admitted to the ICU with diagnoses of diabetic ketoacidosis and septic shock, and treated for hyperglycemia and infection, including E. coli and yeast identified in cultures. An Immediate Jeopardy situation was identified by surveyors related to these failures in assessment, medication reconciliation, implementation of physician orders for antibiotics and blood glucose management, and required physician notification for out-of-parameter glucose readings. The facility’s own policies on physician orders and blood glucose monitoring required that orders be valid, clear, and implemented safely, and that physicians be notified when glucose results were outside ordered parameters, but these policies were not followed in the resident’s case. Interviews with the DON, ADON, Medical Director, and MDS staff confirmed that admission assessments were not consistently completed prior to residents’ arrival, that not all admissions received pre-admission review of hospital records, and that oversight of blood glucose monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring devices was inconsistent and lacked a standardized process. These combined actions and inactions led to the cited deficiency for failure to provide needed care and services in accordance with the resident’s preferences, goals, and professional standards of practice.
Removal Plan
- Conducted mandatory in-service education for licensed nursing staff and admission staff on new policies and procedures; staff provided verbal and written confirmation of understanding.
- Implemented ongoing competency checks for staff; ensured policies are readily available from the CNO/ACNO; required new hires to complete training and written competencies upon hire.
- Reviewed the resident’s hospitalization status with the hospital and confirmed ICU admission for DKA and septic shock; confirmed the resident did not return to the facility.
- Held nurse meetings with all nursing staff who cared for the resident to review specific failures in blood glucose monitoring, provider notification, administration of the CGM device, and communication of unavailable supplies.
- Provided mandatory re-education for all licensed nursing staff on the Blood Glucose Monitoring Policy and Physician Notification requirements, including obtaining BG readings as ordered, immediate provider notification for out-of-parameter results, notifying leadership/providers when supplies/equipment are unavailable, and clarifying unclear/unimplementable orders prior to implementation.
- Established a communication protocol with the local PACE organization requiring nursing staff to contact PACE providers immediately for clinical concerns, significant changes in condition, out-of-parameter lab/glucose values, and inability to implement orders due to unavailable supplies or unclear orders; in-serviced RNs/LVNs on the protocol.
- Implemented a redundant notification system requiring that when any BG result is outside ordered parameters, the nurse must immediately notify the physician/PACE provider and document date/time/person contacted and response received; in-serviced RNs/LVNs on the system.
- Conducted a comprehensive review to identify other residents at risk for failures in physician notification, blood glucose monitoring, or implementation of physician orders.
- Reviewed all residents to identify those with active blood glucose monitoring orders.
- Completed chart audits of residents with BG monitoring orders to verify monitoring as ordered, identify out-of-parameter results, and confirm timely documented provider notification; reported identified issues to physicians and obtained clarifying/new orders; instituted continued daily monitoring by CNO/ACNO/nurse manager.
- Reviewed all residents to identify those with orders for continuous monitoring devices or specialized medical equipment.
- Physically verified that all residents with ordered devices/equipment had the devices in place and functioning as ordered.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Failure to Follow Care Plan for Protective Sleeve: A resident with severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and PVD had a care plan directing staff to keep protective sleeves on the left elbow at all times due to skin tear risk. During repeated dining room observations, the resident was not wearing the sleeve. A NA said she did not apply it because the resident would remove it and chew on it, and an RN said he was unaware the sleeve was not being worn.
Failure to follow wound care orders and dressing documentation requirements was cited for multiple residents. A resident had a skin tear dressed without a physician order, another resident had a knee dressing with no date or initials, and a third resident had a dated dressing and pain patch that did not reflect the ordered treatment schedule. The DON and wound care RN acknowledged that dressings and treatments should be completed as ordered and that dressings are expected to be dated and initialed.
Failure to Follow Ordered Treatments and Weight Monitoring: The facility did not ensure ordered care was carried out for several residents. One resident with Parkinson’s disease and anxiety sustained a skin tear to the hand during an agitated episode, but there was no physician order for the wound treatment that was provided. Two residents had ordered weekly weights that were not obtained as scheduled, and the records did not explain why. Another resident with HTN, depression, and DM had body blisters, but the wound company’s recommendation for skin prep was not entered as an order, and there was no documented evidence that the practitioner was contacted about the missed recommendation.
Failure to Follow Insulin Orders: Two residents with diabetes received insulin contrary to physician orders. One resident was given insulin aspart at times when blood glucose was below the ordered hold parameter, and a second resident received scheduled insulin without documented meal intake despite orders to hold if blood sugar was low or if less than 50% of the meal was eaten. The DON confirmed the medication administration did not follow the orders.
Failure to follow bowel management protocol: three residents had extended periods without a BM and no documented nursing interventions despite the facility’s protocol requiring specific measures after 2, 3, 4, and 5 days without a BM. The residents had significant diagnoses including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, TBI, and Alzheimer’s disease, and the RNC confirmed the missing BM-related interventions in the chart.
A resident with dementia, severe cognitive impairment, limited ROM in both LEs, and dependence on staff for wheelchair locomotion was observed sitting in her wheelchair with her feet hovering above the footrests. CNAs confirmed her feet did not reach the footrests, and an administrative nurse stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to better fit and support her feet.
Failure to Follow Care Plan for Protective Sleeve
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a sleeve protector was provided in accordance with the comprehensive care plan for a resident with severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and peripheral vascular disease. The resident’s admission MDS identified the resident as needing partial/moderate assistance with upper body dressing and footwear and as being at risk for pressure ulcer/injury without existing pressure ulcers. The Pressure Ulcer/Injury CAA identified the resident as at risk for pressure ulcers and in need of a pressure relieving device for the bed and chair. The resident’s care plan, revised 7/28/26, identified a skin tear/potential for skin tear of the left anterior shin and left posterior calf related to falling and hitting self on the wheelchair, and directed staff to keep protective sleeves on the left elbow at all times. During multiple observations in the dining room, the resident was seated in a tilt-in-space wheelchair and was not wearing the protective sleeve to the left elbow. A NA stated she had been assigned to the resident all week and did not put the sleeve on because the resident would take it off and chew on it. An RN stated he was unaware the resident was not wearing the sleeve but said the resident should wear it if it was care planned. The DON stated the sleeve protector should be assessed and removed from the care plan if inappropriate, but staff were expected to follow the care plan to ensure the resident received the needed care.
Failure to Follow Wound Care Orders and Dressing Documentation
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure physician orders and facility policy were followed for wound care for 3 of 10 residents reviewed for wounds. Resident #28 was observed with a gauze dressing to the right wrist dated 08/06/2026, and the nursing note documented that a CNA noticed a new skin tear to the right wrist that was bleeding, was assessed by the nurse, cleaned, and dressed. However, review of the physician orders showed no wound care order for the right wrist. The wound care RN stated the resident did not have any wounds to her knowledge and explained that when a resident gets a skin tear, the nurse should cleanse it, recover the skin, dress it, notify the physician and family, and enter new orders. The DON stated the resident did not have orders for wound care to the right wrist and that the LPN should have notified the provider and obtained orders. Resident #21 was observed with an island dressing on the right knee that had no date or initials. The DON stated dressings are expected to be dated, and the wound care RN stated it is her practice to date and initial every dressing change, with weekend and PRN dressing changes done by the nurse on the cart. The TAR directed daily cleansing and application of a long island dressing to the right knee surgical site, and the facility policy for clean/dry dressings required tape/labels with date and initials. Resident #113 was observed with a dressing dated 8/6 and a white pain patch on the left arm dated 8/6/2026. The physician order required cleansing the left arm skin tear and applying xeroform, honey gel, and border gauze every day shift, and another order directed Aspercreme Lidocaine Patch 4% to the left shoulder in the morning and night and to the left hip with removal at bedtime. The wound care RN stated she was not familiar with the resident's skin tear dressing orders and that wound care should be done as ordered, while the DON stated dressings and treatments should be done as ordered and a check mark in the treatment record means completed.
Failure to Follow Ordered Treatments and Weight Monitoring
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to provide appropriate treatment and care in accordance with orders and professional standards for four residents. Facility policy stated that weights were to be obtained routinely to monitor nutritional health, including weekly for the first four weeks after admission or readmission and more often if risk was identified or as ordered. For one resident with diagnoses including high blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease, and anxiety, a nursing note documented that the resident sustained a skin tear to the right hand during an episode of agitation and attempted physical aggression toward staff while being assisted out of bed. The wound nurse confirmed there was no physician order for treatment of the right hand skin tear, although steri-strips had been applied and the wound nurse stated steri-strips are the preferred treatment for skin tears. For two residents, physician orders required weekly weights, but the clinical record did not show that the ordered weights were obtained as directed. One resident had weights not obtained on two scheduled dates, and the record lacked additional documentation explaining why the weights could not be obtained. Another resident had one missed weekly weight, and the record also lacked additional documentation explaining why the weight was not obtained. The DON confirmed that the facility failed to make certain these residents were provided appropriate treatment and care. For another resident with diagnoses including hypertension, depression, and diabetes, the record showed the resident was admitted with marks and blisters on the body and no treatment was ordered. A contracted wound company later recommended skin prep to the blisters, but physician orders did not include skin prep. A wound nurse stated there was no order for skin prep and confirmed the facility did not follow the wound company’s recommendations. An RN stated the recommendations were not followed, but the facility had no documented evidence of speaking with the practitioner about treatment for the blisters or the reason the recommendations were not followed.
Failure to Follow Insulin Orders
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow physician orders for two residents receiving insulin. One resident was cognitively intact, required maximum assistance with daily care needs, had diabetes, and was ordered to receive 6 units of insulin aspart at 8:00 a.m. with instructions to hold the medication if blood sugar was less than 110 mg/dL. Review of the MAR showed the resident received the insulin on multiple occasions when blood sugar readings were below that threshold, including readings of 92, 106, 105, 104, 94, and 75 mg/dL. The DON confirmed that the insulin had been administered on those dates and should have been held per the physician's order. A second resident was cognitively impaired, dependent on staff for daily care needs, and had insulin-dependent diabetes. The physician ordered 6 units/mL of insulin aspart twice daily with lunch and supper, with instructions to hold the dose if blood sugar was less than 150 mg/dL or if the resident ate less than 50 percent of the meal. The MAR showed no documented meal intake for several lunch and dinner meals on specified dates, yet the insulin was still administered. The DON confirmed that staff should have obtained the resident's meal intake before giving the insulin on those occasions.
Failure to Follow Bowel Management Protocol
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow its Bowel Management - Clinical Protocol for residents who did not have a bowel movement within the required time frame. The protocol dated April 2026 directed staff to assess, monitor, and manage bowel and bladder function according to individualized needs and physician/provider orders, with specific interventions beginning on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5 without a BM. For Resident #31, the record documented no BM from 7/27/26 at 2146 to 7/31/26 at 2130, with no documented nursing interventions during that period. Resident #31 had diagnoses including schizophrenia and alcohol abuse. Resident #4’s record documented no BM from 7/9/26 to 7/12/26 with no documented nursing interventions related to the lack of BM during that time. Resident #4 had diagnoses including Parkinson’s Disease and major depressive disorder. Resident #56’s record documented no BM from 7/21/26 to 7/28/26 and again from 7/29/26 to 8/2/26, with no documented nursing interventions during those periods. Resident #56 had diagnoses including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. On 8/5/26, the RNC stated that Residents #4, #31, and #56 had no documented BM-related interventions for July and the first part of August 2026 and should have.
Wheelchair Footrest Not Adjusted for Resident With Limited LE ROM
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure appropriate wheelchair positioning for R11. R11 had a diagnosis of dementia, severe cognitive impairment on MDS assessments, limited ROM in both lower extremities, and was dependent on staff for locomotion in her wheelchair. Her care plan, revised 07/02/2026, instructed staff that she was dependent on staff for locomotion in her wheelchair. During observations on 08/03/2026 and 08/04/2026, R11 was seen sitting in her wheelchair at the dining room table with her feet hovering several inches above the wheelchair footrest. CNA M confirmed on 08/04/2026 that R11's feet did not reach the footrests, and CNA N stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to fit R11 better. On 08/05/2026, Administrative Nurse D also stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to better fit the resident and support her feet. The facility policy for Use of Assistive Devices stated that assistive device use would be based on the resident's needs, as indicated.
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