Psychotropic Medications Started Without Consent or Adequate Monitoring
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that one resident’s drug regimen was free from unnecessary psychotropic medications, failed to obtain informed consent before starting psychotropic medications, failed to monitor for adverse side effects of multiple psychotropic medications with black box warnings, and failed to assess, intervene, and transfer the resident to an acute care setting until the evening when the responsible party insisted on hospital transfer. The resident had diagnoses that included Parkinson’s disease, bipolar disorder, depression, dementia, and anxiety, and the MDS indicated moderate cognitive impairment. The resident’s baseline was described as alert, calm, cooperative, and able to interact with staff and family. The resident’s MAR showed psychotropic medications including mirtazapine, quetiapine, lorazepam, and divalproex. The record did not show nursing documentation of non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety, depression, or mood symptoms before or during the medication use, and the record did not show informed consent for these medications before they were started. The pharmacist’s medication regimen review noted that the resident would need monitoring for CNS adverse effects and that quetiapine and mirtazapine required a consent form from the resident or responsible party. The care plan also referenced black box warning medications and monitoring for side effects, but the record lacked documentation showing that the resident and responsible party were informed of the risks before the medications were initiated. On the evening when the resident was reported as agitated and verbally aggressive, the physician ordered lorazepam and divalproex after being told the resident was combative, although staff later stated the resident had calmed down after redirection and was not physically aggressive. Nursing staff confirmed that informed consent was not obtained before the psychotropic medications were started. The resident then became progressively drowsy and difficult to arouse. Respiratory therapy documented that the resident was difficult to arouse and required sternal rubs on two separate days, and nursing notes described the resident as sleepy or drowsy. The responsible party reported finding the resident unable to wake, later on the floor, and insisted on calling 9-1-1 after the facility initially planned to monitor the resident. The resident was transported to the hospital and admitted to the ICU with altered mental status, toxic metabolic encephalopathy due to polypharmacy, benzodiazepine intoxication, and hypoglycemia. The hospital record stated the resident was obtunded, had a presumptive positive urine toxicology for benzodiazepines, and required flumazenil and dextrose treatment. The physician stated he had not been informed of the resident’s altered level of consciousness or that the resident was only arousable to painful stimulus, and he said he would have sent the resident to the hospital if that information had been communicated.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
PRN Antipsychotic Order Not Limited or Reassessed: A resident with advanced dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, agitation, and hospice services received PRN haloperidol for agitation and delirium under an open-ended order rather than a 14-day limit. Physician documentation continued the medication but did not show an evaluation of its ongoing need or an adequate rationale for renewal, and nursing notes did not document non-pharmacological interventions before one PRN dose was given.
A resident with depression and delusional disorders was prescribed Olanzapine for delusions, but the MAR and care plan showed no targeted behavior monitoring or other behavioral documentation to support the medication’s use or effectiveness. The SS Director and DNS both confirmed the resident was not on behavior monitoring, despite the facility stating residents on antipsychotics were placed on it.
A resident with severe dementia and behavioral symptoms received Seroquel with multiple dose increases, but the orders did not include a documented diagnosis to justify use or escalation. The chart showed dementia, agitation, and later psychosis documentation, while staff described the resident as generally directable and pleasant with more evening behaviors. The resident also had falls during the stay, including one that led to ER transfer.
A resident with anxiety, restlessness, agitation, and moderately impaired cognition received PRN lorazepam for anxiety, but the order had no stop date and the EHR lacked a documented duration with physician rationale for continued use. The psychotropic care plan did not address the PRN lorazepam, and an RN verified the facility had not obtained the required 14-day stop date or documentation for ongoing use.
Incomplete Psychotropic Monitoring Documentation: The facility did not complete or accurately document monthly behavior summaries for a resident receiving Ativan, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertraline, and another resident’s behavior summary for lurasidone HCl and fluoxetine HCl was inaccurate compared with the MAR. The same resident also lacked complete orthostatic BP monitoring documentation, as the required sitting readings were not recorded within the appropriate time frame. The SSD and DON verified the missing and incorrect documentation.
A resident with CVA and dementia, and severe cognitive impairment, received trazodone for depression without a completed medication consent form before the medication was administered. The record also showed a pharmacist-recommended GDR was declined with documentation that family routinely declines GDRs, but the rationale did not state that a further dose reduction would likely impair function or cause psychiatric instability, as required.
PRN Antipsychotic Order Not Limited or Reassessed
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a PRN antipsychotic medication was limited to 14 days and that continued use of the medication was evaluated by the attending physician or prescribing practitioner for one resident. The resident had severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and received hospice services. The resident’s care plan addressed behavioral problems including refusing care and wandering, and staff were directed to administer medications as ordered, monitor for side effects, explain care before starting, and use calming and diversion techniques as needed. The resident’s medication orders showed haloperidol solution ordered PRN for agitation and delirium, with an order written on 7/10/26 as open-ended rather than limited to 14 days. The resident received PRN haloperidol multiple times in July and once in August. A physician progress note described advanced dementia, disorientation, inability to make needs known, a history of agitation, and continued use of haloperidol PRN along with structured environment and safety precautions, but the note did not document an evaluation of the appropriateness or continued need for the PRN antipsychotic medication or an adequate rationale for renewal. Nursing documentation showed a PRN dose was given for restlessness and was effective, but the note did not identify non-pharmacological interventions attempted before administration. The DON stated the resident should have had a 14-day face-to-face evaluation to ensure the ongoing need for the PRN antipsychotic medication. The pharmacist stated the medication had been reviewed and that PRN antipsychotic medications required a face-to-face medical provider evaluation every 14 days, and also noted the indication was not appropriate and that the medication was later discontinued.
Lack of Behavior Monitoring for Antipsychotic Use
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure behavior monitoring was in place related to the use of an antipsychotic medication for one resident reviewed for unnecessary medications. Resident 8 was admitted with diagnoses including depression and delusional disorders and had a physician order for Olanzapine 5 mg once daily for delusions. Review of the resident’s July 2026 MAR and May 2026 care plan showed no identification or monitoring of targeted behaviors related to antipsychotic use, and the record did not include other behavioral documentation to support the use or effectiveness of the medication. Staff interviews confirmed that the resident was not on behavior monitoring, and the DNS stated that residents receiving antipsychotic medications were placed on behavior monitoring and confirmed this resident did not have it in place.
Antipsychotic Use Lacked Documented Diagnosis Support
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that one resident receiving antipsychotic medication had diagnoses documented to support the use of Seroquel and the medication’s ongoing dose increases. Resident #19 had severe cognitive impairment on the MDS, with disorganized thinking, fluctuating behavior, delusions, and intermittent verbal and nonverbal behavioral symptoms. The resident’s documented active diagnoses included non-Alzheimer’s dementia, atrial fibrillation, and COPD, but the MDS did not list any psychiatric or mood disorder diagnoses, and the physician’s orders for Seroquel 25 mg at 3:00 PM and 100 mg at supper did not include a diagnosis for use. The record showed that the resident’s psychotropic consent form listed dementia with psychotic behavior and irritability as the reason for Seroquel, along with expected benefits and potential adverse effects. Later documentation showed repeated requests for gradual dose reduction were declined because the resident continued to have increased agitation. The physician then ordered additional Seroquel doses, including 12.5 mg in the morning and 25 mg at noon for increased afternoon and evening behaviors, and later increased the afternoon dose to 50 mg for anxiety and agitation, but these orders also did not include a diagnosis supporting the medication changes. The resident experienced falls during the stay, including an unwitnessed morning fall and a later fall with possible left hip external rotation and increased pain that resulted in transfer to the emergency room. Staff interviews described the resident as confused but fairly functional, directable, pleasant, and sometimes upset or yelling, with behaviors more noticeable in the evening. The EHR later added a diagnosis of unspecified psychosis, and the physician’s final report documented psychosis and stated the resident did not experience hallucinations currently due to medication control, but the deficiency cited that the facility had not ensured the antipsychotic use and dose escalation were supported by documented diagnoses at the time of the orders.
PRN Lorazepam Lacked Required Stop Date and Rationale
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a 14-day stop date or a documented specified duration with rationale for Resident 47’s ongoing PRN lorazepam order. Resident 47 had diagnoses of anxiety, restlessness, and agitation, and her Quarterly MDS documented moderately impaired cognition and dependence on staff for all ADLs. Her psychotropic medication care plan stated staff would administer medications as ordered and monitor side effects and effectiveness, but it did not include directions related to her PRN lorazepam use for anxiety. Resident 47’s physician order dated 06/01/2026 directed lorazepam 0.5 mg every six hours as needed for anxiety, but the order did not include a stop date. The EHR also lacked documentation of a specified duration with a physician-documented rationale for extended use. On 08/05/2026, Administrative Nurse D verified the resident had received PRN lorazepam and confirmed the facility had not obtained the required 14-day stop date or documented rationale for continued use. The facility policy stated PRN psychotropics required a 14-day stop date and, for continued use, documented rationale and indication of duration in the medical record.
Incomplete Psychotropic Behavior Monitoring and Orthostatic BP Documentation
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that two sampled residents receiving psychotropic medications had accurate behavioral monitoring documentation and required monitoring completed. One resident was prescribed lurasidone HCl and fluoxetine HCl for bipolar disorder and depression, and another resident was prescribed Ativan, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertraline for anxiety, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and depression. The facility’s policy required behavioral monitoring for residents receiving psychotropic medications, including documentation of behavioral triggers, episodes, symptoms, and the resident’s response to interventions. For the resident receiving Ativan, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertraline, the medical record showed physician orders for monthly behavioral summaries tied to the target behaviors for each medication. Although the MAR showed the resident was being monitored for the related behaviors, the record did not contain the monthly behavioral summaries for those medications, and the SSD confirmed the documentation could not be located. For the resident receiving lurasidone HCl and fluoxetine HCl, the June 2026 MAR showed five episodes of mood swings and five episodes of verbalized sadness. However, the OBRA Chemical Reduction and Behavior Management Meeting form dated 7/17/26 recorded zero episodes for both behaviors and listed the month as July instead of June. The SSD verified that the form presented to the IDT was incorrect based on the MAR. In addition, the resident had an order for weekly orthostatic blood pressure monitoring while lying and sitting, but the MAR and blood pressure log did not show the required sitting blood pressures were obtained within the appropriate time frame, and the DON verified the orthostatic monitoring documentation was incomplete.
Psychotropic Medication Consent and GDR Documentation Failure
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident was free from unnecessary psychotropic medication use when trazodone was administered without a completed medication consent form before the medication was given. The resident had been admitted with diagnoses of CVA and dementia, and the MDS showed severe cognitive impairment with a BIMS score of 02. The record showed trazodone 50 mg was ordered for depression beginning on 09/20/24, but the medication consent form was not obtained until 03/03/25, after the medication had already been in use. The record also showed that a pharmacist recommended a gradual dose reduction for trazodone on 04/23/26, but the provider declined and documented the reason as "Family routinely declines GDRs." The report stated this rationale did not document that an additional dose reduction would likely impair the resident's function or increase distressed behavior, as required. A later pharmacist recommendation for a GDR on 06/30/26 was accepted. Interviews with the POA, RN, LPN, pharmacist, and DON confirmed that medication consent was required before administering psychotropic medication and that the documented reason for not attempting the GDR did not meet the required standard.
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