Failure to Monitor Digoxin Therapy and Vital Signs
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident's lab work and vital signs were monitored after the resident's digoxin dose was increased per physician orders and the care plan. The resident had diagnoses including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, hypokalemia, and hypertension, and the most recent quarterly MDS indicated moderate cognitive impairment. Physician orders included digoxin 125 mcg for atrial fibrillation, a repeat digoxin level in two weeks, then digoxin 250 mcg for increased heart rate, along with clonidine HCl 0.2 mg as needed for systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm Hg. The care plan included monitoring labs as ordered and monitoring blood pressure per physician order and facility policy. The MAR showed digoxin 125 mcg was given daily until 2/13/26, with heart rate documented with each administration up to that point. Digoxin 250 mcg was started on 2/14/26 and continued daily through February, March, and April, but there was no documented heart rate monitoring with administration after the dose increase. The ordered digoxin level for 2/27/26 was not documented as completed, and the resident's blood pressure was documented only on two occasions after the clonidine order was obtained from the hospital on 4/27/26. Documented vital signs included heart rates as low as 41 bpm and blood pressures including 142/100, 140/88, 145/64, 130/84, and 109/70. The resident later declined while propelling herself to the dining room and was assisted by staff as her condition worsened. A nurse documented heart rates of 38-43 bpm, inability to perform baseline ADLs, confusion about where she was, and inability to feed herself as usual, and EMS was called. Hospital records showed the resident was admitted to the ICU with digoxin poisoning, hyperkalemia, and acute kidney injury; the ED documented a digoxin level of 2.39 ng/mL and potassium of 9.4 mEq/L, with concern for chronic overdose with suspected AKI. The DON stated the resident's heart rate should be monitored prior to every digoxin administration, while another RN stated vital signs should be obtained at every medication pass but were not documented every time they were obtained.
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