Failure to Monitor Change in Condition and Post-Fall Assessment
Summary
The facility failed to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring after a resident with dementia, pancytopenia, and protein-calorie malnutrition experienced a change in condition and multiple unwitnessed falls. The resident had decreased oral and fluid intake beginning the day before the first fall, then was found on the floor next to his bed with part of his mattress off the bed frame. Although staff documented the fall and started neurological checks, the record showed missed or incomplete monitoring, including refusals of neurological checks and no documented vital signs after the first fall until later in the day. Staff also documented that the resident refused breakfast, slept most of the morning, and later showed a drop in blood pressure, increased pulse, decreased appetite and fluid intake, generalized weakness, pallor, and increased need for assistance with ADLs. Despite these changes, the record did not show that the physician was notified when the resident’s intake declined or when his condition worsened later that day. The resident continued to decline, was unsteady when trying to stand, and remained confused and weak. He then sustained a second unwitnessed fall from bed, was found with external rotation of the right leg and pain, and was transferred to the hospital. Hospital records documented a right intertrochanteric hip fracture, multiple subdural hematomas, severe anemia, and hemorrhagic shock. The resident later returned to the facility on hospice care and died shortly thereafter. The facility also failed to appropriately assess and monitor another resident after an unwitnessed fall. During observation, the resident was found sitting on the floor with a bleeding forehead wound, and staff performed neurological assessments using a cellphone flashlight because a pen light was unavailable. Later, an LPN documented pupil findings on the neurological assessment sheet even though she did not have a flashlight or pen light available during that assessment period. The DON stated that pupil reactivity should be assessed using a flashlight or pen light, and that the LPN should have used a light source.
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