Systemic Failures in Diabetes Management, Medication Monitoring, and Skin/Wound Care
Summary
The deficiency involves multiple failures to provide treatment and care according to orders, resident preferences, and clinical standards, particularly in the areas of diabetes management, medication administration, skin assessment, and diagnostic testing. One resident with a long history of type II diabetes mellitus, acute kidney failure, CKD stage III, and vascular dementia was admitted from the hospital with prior documented hyperglycemia, urine glucose of 3+, and recent use of insulin and oral hypoglycemics that were held in the hospital with instructions to resume at discharge. Despite this history and a facility care plan identifying risk for hypo/hyperglycemia and interventions such as providing diabetes medications as ordered and collecting fasting serum blood sugars, there were no physician orders for blood glucose monitoring or anti-diabetic medications from admission through more than two months of stay. Multiple monthly physician notes during this period repeatedly described the resident as a diabetic with “good control,” listed Glyburide and Metformin as current medications, and used an outdated weight from 2014, yet contained no assessment or plan for diabetes monitoring. No blood glucose readings were obtained until late March, when lab work showed extremely elevated serum glucose and A1C values, and a finger-stick blood glucose of 582 mg/dL was recorded. Interviews confirmed there was no protocol consistently followed for checking blood sugars on admission for diabetics, that the attending physician assumed diabetes was well controlled if no hospital orders for insulin or blood sugar checks were present, and that he did not review the full hospital documentation. The resident’s daughter reported she had informed staff of the resident’s home diabetic medications and had repeatedly requested an A1C test, while being told the facility was managing diabetes through diet. Another resident with encephalopathy, psychoactive substance abuse, and schizoaffective disorder had an order for nifedipine 30 mg upon rising with instructions to hold the dose if systolic blood pressure was less than 90. The medication administration record showed nifedipine was given on two consecutive mornings, but there were no blood pressures documented on the MAR at the time of administration. The blood pressure summary showed readings were taken late at night and late afternoon on those days, not prior to the morning doses. The regional clinical director confirmed that blood pressures were not checked before the antihypertensive medication was administered as ordered. A third resident admitted with diagnoses including acute embolism and thrombosis of the right lower leg, type II diabetes mellitus, and hemiplegia had hospital documentation indicating diabetes and an insulin sliding scale, but the admission MDS coded the resident as not diabetic and without insulin or hypoglycemic medications. Later, an order was written for blood sugar checks three times daily for one week, yet documentation showed some finger-stick tests were performed without recording the results, and the resident, who was cognitively intact, reported finger soreness and questioned why frequent blood glucose checks were being done when he believed he was not diabetic. Facility staff and the physician could not explain why the blood glucose checks were ordered weeks after admission, and the MDS nurse acknowledged the hospital records listed diabetes but there were no anti-glycemic medications ordered. Additional deficiencies involved failures in skin assessment and wound treatment. One resident admitted with cellulitis, type II diabetes, fractures, and MRSA infection had multiple diabetic and arterial ulcers on the feet and hand documented by an outside wound care company several days after admission, with specific measurements and treatment orders initiated at that time. The admission care plan and MDS reflected the presence of venous/arterial and diabetic ulcers and a surgical wound, but an LPN confirmed there were no measurements or treatment orders in place for these ulcers from admission until the outside wound nurse’s first visit, and that nurses could have measured the wounds and contacted the physician for orders. The same outside wound provider later identified a new diabetic ulcer on the plantar surface of the left foot that had not been previously documented by facility staff; the regional clinical director could not explain why nurses had not identified this area. Another resident on a secured memory care unit with moderate cognitive impairment had a physician order to cleanse a right breast wound with normal saline, apply triple antibiotic ointment, and cover with a bordered foam dressing once daily, but observation showed the wound covered with an undated clear Opsite-type dressing instead of the ordered bordered foam, which the RN confirmed was incorrect. A further resident with Alzheimer’s disease, unspecified dementia, and diabetes had an order for weekly skin checks documented in the electronic record and to report new abnormal findings, yet review of the MAR/TAR for an entire month showed no evidence that weekly skin checks were completed on three specified dates. Observation revealed a scabbed, dime-sized open area on the right inner wrist, and nursing staff confirmed that the wound nurse was performing skin checks, indicating a lack of documented compliance with the ordered weekly assessments. The report also describes failures to follow testing instructions and complete ordered diagnostic tests. One resident had testing instructions that were not followed, and another had urinalysis laboratory testing ordered but not completed as directed, though the detailed narrative for these two residents is truncated in the provided text. Across the cited cases, surveyors relied on medical record review, hospital record review, facility policies, national clinical guidance from ADA, CDC, NIDDK, NIH/MedlinePlus, observations, and staff and family interviews to substantiate that the facility did not adequately monitor diabetes, did not ensure medications were available and administered per parameters, did not ensure appropriate indication and documentation for blood glucose testing, did not ensure timely and accurate skin assessments and wound treatments, and did not ensure completion of ordered laboratory testing. These actions and omissions affected eight residents reviewed for quality of care out of a facility census of 80.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Failure to Follow Care Plan for Protective Sleeve: A resident with severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and PVD had a care plan directing staff to keep protective sleeves on the left elbow at all times due to skin tear risk. During repeated dining room observations, the resident was not wearing the sleeve. A NA said she did not apply it because the resident would remove it and chew on it, and an RN said he was unaware the sleeve was not being worn.
Failure to follow wound care orders and dressing documentation requirements was cited for multiple residents. A resident had a skin tear dressed without a physician order, another resident had a knee dressing with no date or initials, and a third resident had a dated dressing and pain patch that did not reflect the ordered treatment schedule. The DON and wound care RN acknowledged that dressings and treatments should be completed as ordered and that dressings are expected to be dated and initialed.
Failure to Follow Ordered Treatments and Weight Monitoring: The facility did not ensure ordered care was carried out for several residents. One resident with Parkinson’s disease and anxiety sustained a skin tear to the hand during an agitated episode, but there was no physician order for the wound treatment that was provided. Two residents had ordered weekly weights that were not obtained as scheduled, and the records did not explain why. Another resident with HTN, depression, and DM had body blisters, but the wound company’s recommendation for skin prep was not entered as an order, and there was no documented evidence that the practitioner was contacted about the missed recommendation.
Failure to Follow Insulin Orders: Two residents with diabetes received insulin contrary to physician orders. One resident was given insulin aspart at times when blood glucose was below the ordered hold parameter, and a second resident received scheduled insulin without documented meal intake despite orders to hold if blood sugar was low or if less than 50% of the meal was eaten. The DON confirmed the medication administration did not follow the orders.
Failure to follow bowel management protocol: three residents had extended periods without a BM and no documented nursing interventions despite the facility’s protocol requiring specific measures after 2, 3, 4, and 5 days without a BM. The residents had significant diagnoses including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, TBI, and Alzheimer’s disease, and the RNC confirmed the missing BM-related interventions in the chart.
A resident with dementia, severe cognitive impairment, limited ROM in both LEs, and dependence on staff for wheelchair locomotion was observed sitting in her wheelchair with her feet hovering above the footrests. CNAs confirmed her feet did not reach the footrests, and an administrative nurse stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to better fit and support her feet.
Failure to Follow Care Plan for Protective Sleeve
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a sleeve protector was provided in accordance with the comprehensive care plan for a resident with severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and peripheral vascular disease. The resident’s admission MDS identified the resident as needing partial/moderate assistance with upper body dressing and footwear and as being at risk for pressure ulcer/injury without existing pressure ulcers. The Pressure Ulcer/Injury CAA identified the resident as at risk for pressure ulcers and in need of a pressure relieving device for the bed and chair. The resident’s care plan, revised 7/28/26, identified a skin tear/potential for skin tear of the left anterior shin and left posterior calf related to falling and hitting self on the wheelchair, and directed staff to keep protective sleeves on the left elbow at all times. During multiple observations in the dining room, the resident was seated in a tilt-in-space wheelchair and was not wearing the protective sleeve to the left elbow. A NA stated she had been assigned to the resident all week and did not put the sleeve on because the resident would take it off and chew on it. An RN stated he was unaware the resident was not wearing the sleeve but said the resident should wear it if it was care planned. The DON stated the sleeve protector should be assessed and removed from the care plan if inappropriate, but staff were expected to follow the care plan to ensure the resident received the needed care.
Failure to Follow Wound Care Orders and Dressing Documentation
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure physician orders and facility policy were followed for wound care for 3 of 10 residents reviewed for wounds. Resident #28 was observed with a gauze dressing to the right wrist dated 08/06/2026, and the nursing note documented that a CNA noticed a new skin tear to the right wrist that was bleeding, was assessed by the nurse, cleaned, and dressed. However, review of the physician orders showed no wound care order for the right wrist. The wound care RN stated the resident did not have any wounds to her knowledge and explained that when a resident gets a skin tear, the nurse should cleanse it, recover the skin, dress it, notify the physician and family, and enter new orders. The DON stated the resident did not have orders for wound care to the right wrist and that the LPN should have notified the provider and obtained orders. Resident #21 was observed with an island dressing on the right knee that had no date or initials. The DON stated dressings are expected to be dated, and the wound care RN stated it is her practice to date and initial every dressing change, with weekend and PRN dressing changes done by the nurse on the cart. The TAR directed daily cleansing and application of a long island dressing to the right knee surgical site, and the facility policy for clean/dry dressings required tape/labels with date and initials. Resident #113 was observed with a dressing dated 8/6 and a white pain patch on the left arm dated 8/6/2026. The physician order required cleansing the left arm skin tear and applying xeroform, honey gel, and border gauze every day shift, and another order directed Aspercreme Lidocaine Patch 4% to the left shoulder in the morning and night and to the left hip with removal at bedtime. The wound care RN stated she was not familiar with the resident's skin tear dressing orders and that wound care should be done as ordered, while the DON stated dressings and treatments should be done as ordered and a check mark in the treatment record means completed.
Failure to Follow Ordered Treatments and Weight Monitoring
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to provide appropriate treatment and care in accordance with orders and professional standards for four residents. Facility policy stated that weights were to be obtained routinely to monitor nutritional health, including weekly for the first four weeks after admission or readmission and more often if risk was identified or as ordered. For one resident with diagnoses including high blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease, and anxiety, a nursing note documented that the resident sustained a skin tear to the right hand during an episode of agitation and attempted physical aggression toward staff while being assisted out of bed. The wound nurse confirmed there was no physician order for treatment of the right hand skin tear, although steri-strips had been applied and the wound nurse stated steri-strips are the preferred treatment for skin tears. For two residents, physician orders required weekly weights, but the clinical record did not show that the ordered weights were obtained as directed. One resident had weights not obtained on two scheduled dates, and the record lacked additional documentation explaining why the weights could not be obtained. Another resident had one missed weekly weight, and the record also lacked additional documentation explaining why the weight was not obtained. The DON confirmed that the facility failed to make certain these residents were provided appropriate treatment and care. For another resident with diagnoses including hypertension, depression, and diabetes, the record showed the resident was admitted with marks and blisters on the body and no treatment was ordered. A contracted wound company later recommended skin prep to the blisters, but physician orders did not include skin prep. A wound nurse stated there was no order for skin prep and confirmed the facility did not follow the wound company’s recommendations. An RN stated the recommendations were not followed, but the facility had no documented evidence of speaking with the practitioner about treatment for the blisters or the reason the recommendations were not followed.
Failure to Follow Insulin Orders
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow physician orders for two residents receiving insulin. One resident was cognitively intact, required maximum assistance with daily care needs, had diabetes, and was ordered to receive 6 units of insulin aspart at 8:00 a.m. with instructions to hold the medication if blood sugar was less than 110 mg/dL. Review of the MAR showed the resident received the insulin on multiple occasions when blood sugar readings were below that threshold, including readings of 92, 106, 105, 104, 94, and 75 mg/dL. The DON confirmed that the insulin had been administered on those dates and should have been held per the physician's order. A second resident was cognitively impaired, dependent on staff for daily care needs, and had insulin-dependent diabetes. The physician ordered 6 units/mL of insulin aspart twice daily with lunch and supper, with instructions to hold the dose if blood sugar was less than 150 mg/dL or if the resident ate less than 50 percent of the meal. The MAR showed no documented meal intake for several lunch and dinner meals on specified dates, yet the insulin was still administered. The DON confirmed that staff should have obtained the resident's meal intake before giving the insulin on those occasions.
Failure to Follow Bowel Management Protocol
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow its Bowel Management - Clinical Protocol for residents who did not have a bowel movement within the required time frame. The protocol dated April 2026 directed staff to assess, monitor, and manage bowel and bladder function according to individualized needs and physician/provider orders, with specific interventions beginning on Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5 without a BM. For Resident #31, the record documented no BM from 7/27/26 at 2146 to 7/31/26 at 2130, with no documented nursing interventions during that period. Resident #31 had diagnoses including schizophrenia and alcohol abuse. Resident #4’s record documented no BM from 7/9/26 to 7/12/26 with no documented nursing interventions related to the lack of BM during that time. Resident #4 had diagnoses including Parkinson’s Disease and major depressive disorder. Resident #56’s record documented no BM from 7/21/26 to 7/28/26 and again from 7/29/26 to 8/2/26, with no documented nursing interventions during those periods. Resident #56 had diagnoses including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. On 8/5/26, the RNC stated that Residents #4, #31, and #56 had no documented BM-related interventions for July and the first part of August 2026 and should have.
Wheelchair Footrest Not Adjusted for Resident With Limited LE ROM
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure appropriate wheelchair positioning for R11. R11 had a diagnosis of dementia, severe cognitive impairment on MDS assessments, limited ROM in both lower extremities, and was dependent on staff for locomotion in her wheelchair. Her care plan, revised 07/02/2026, instructed staff that she was dependent on staff for locomotion in her wheelchair. During observations on 08/03/2026 and 08/04/2026, R11 was seen sitting in her wheelchair at the dining room table with her feet hovering several inches above the wheelchair footrest. CNA M confirmed on 08/04/2026 that R11's feet did not reach the footrests, and CNA N stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to fit R11 better. On 08/05/2026, Administrative Nurse D also stated the footrest needed to be adjusted to better fit the resident and support her feet. The facility policy for Use of Assistive Devices stated that assistive device use would be based on the resident's needs, as indicated.
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