F0580

D

Failure to Recognize and Report Change in Condition Related to Suspected Medication Error

Athens, Ohio Survey Completed on 03-09-2026

Penalty

No penalty information released

Summary

The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to timely identify and report a significant change in condition for a cognitively intact resident, and to properly correlate that change to a suspected medication error. The resident had multiple diagnoses including dementia with Lewy Bodies, mood and anxiety disorders, CHF, hypertension, cirrhosis, and insomnia, but his MDS showed he was cognitively intact, had no communication issues, and was not ordered any benzodiazepines or opioids. His active orders included antidepressants, antipsychotic adjunct therapy, dementia medication, cardiac and GI medications, sleep aids, and bowel regimen, with PRN orders limited to acetaminophen, artificial tears, Mucinex, and Zofran. He did not have any orders for Xanax, oxycodone, or other narcotic pain medications.

On the evening in question, an agency LPN prepared bedtime medications for the resident and his roommate at the same time, popping both residents’ pills into separate labeled cups at the medication cart. She crushed the cognitively intact resident’s pills in pudding and later gave the roommate’s pills whole, acknowledging that the room was dark when she administered the roommate’s medications. The roommate later reported that he believed he had received his roommate’s medications and that his own usual large gabapentin pill and the bitter-tasting oxycodone were missing from what he was given. He stated he did not experience his usual pain relief within 10–15 minutes and complained to staff that he had not received his correct medications. He also reported telling staff that his roommate had been given his medications and that this was why the roommate became unresponsive, and he stated that no one from the facility assessed him or investigated his report of a medication mix-up.

After the agency LPN administered the bedtime medications, the resident complained of being tired following a room change and was assisted to bed. Around 8:53 p.m., the resident’s wife arrived and reported that he had not awakened during her visit. The LPN found him lethargic but able to follow commands, with vital signs within normal limits, and attributed his condition to fatigue from the move. Throughout the night, the LPN and another LPN noted that “something seemed off,” but they continued to attribute his lethargy to the room change and sleepiness. The resident’s condition progressively worsened; by approximately 1:15 a.m. he was more lethargic, then unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli, with hypotension and borderline oxygen saturation. Only at that point was the on-call physician notified and EMS summoned. EMS and hospital records documented hypotension, bradycardia, unresponsiveness, pinpoint pupils, administration of Narcan and Atropine, and a urine drug screen positive for benzodiazepines and oxycodone—medications not ordered for the resident but ordered for his roommate. Despite these findings and the roommate’s contemporaneous statements, the DON reported she did not substantiate a medication error and did not clearly link the resident’s change in condition to a medication mix-up, reflecting a failure to promptly recognize, correlate, and report the suspected medication error and associated change in condition to the physician.

Hospital documentation further described the resident as presenting with acute encephalopathy, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, shock, and unresponsiveness with pinpoint pupils and low blood pressure and heart rate. The ED and ICU notes referenced multiple doses of Narcan, a positive urine drug screen for benzodiazepines and oxycodone, and family and roommate concerns that the resident had received his roommate’s medications, including opioids and gabapentin. Subsequent hospital records from a tertiary facility noted that the encephalopathy was likely multifactorial on a background of Lewy Body dementia, with possible contributions from polypharmacy and anoxic brain injury in the setting of prolonged downtime and suspected receipt of the roommate’s opioids and gabapentin, though this could not be definitively confirmed. Within the facility, however, the change in condition was initially attributed to fatigue from a room move, the resident was allowed to remain in a progressively worsening state for several hours before EMS was called, and the facility did not substantiate or clearly document a medication error despite objective toxicology findings and consistent reports from the roommate and family.

The facility’s internal investigation collected staff statements, MARs for both residents, controlled drug records, and hospital records. The agency LPN acknowledged that she prepared both residents’ medications at the same time and that it was possible she could have popped pills into the wrong cup or grabbed the wrong cup when crushing medications, though she denied intentionally giving the wrong medications. Another LPN recalled the roommate saying that the agency nurse had given the lethargic resident his pills, and that EMS administered Narcan due to pinpoint pupils. The DON confirmed that the resident’s urine drug screen was positive for benzodiazepines and oxycodone, and that the roommate was ordered Xanax and oxycodone at bedtime, but she stated she could not be certain the resident did not receive these drugs from another source and therefore did not substantiate a medication error. This sequence of events demonstrates that the resident’s significant change in condition was not promptly recognized as potentially medication-related, was not timely reported to the physician when first observed, and was not adequately correlated with the suspected medication error despite contemporaneous reports and objective toxicology findings.