Failure to Assess Bed Rail Entrapment Risk and Obtain Informed Consent
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to implement an effective system to assess residents for the risk of entrapment from bed rails, to monitor and document the ongoing need for bed rails, and to obtain and document informed consent after discussing risks and benefits with residents or their representatives. For four sampled residents, the facility used various bed rails or grab bars without documented evidence of entrapment risk assessment or informed consent. The facility’s own Siderail Data Collection assessments were incomplete, with key sections such as comments and summaries left blank, and no documentation that entrapment risk was evaluated. Additionally, subsequent required reassessments were not completed after the initial dates noted in the records. For one resident with diagnoses including heart failure, acute kidney failure, chronic atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, a Siderail Data Collection assessment documented poor bed mobility, use of side rails for positioning, and a desire to have side rails raised, but contained no comments or summary and no evidence of entrapment risk assessment. A later Nursing Quarterly/Annual/Significant Evaluation assessment indicated the resident did not have any potential restraints, which automatically disabled the side rail review questions, leaving them unanswered. There was no documentation that risks and benefits of side rail use were discussed or that informed consent was obtained, even though observations showed half-length bed rails in the upright position on both sides of the bed, which the resident reported using for bed mobility. Another resident with fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, Alzheimer’s disease with late onset, and dementia had a Siderail Data Collection assessment indicating poor bed mobility, use of side rails for support, and balance difficulties, but again with no comments, no summary, and no documented entrapment risk assessment. The Nursing Quarterly/Annual/Significant Evaluation similarly recorded that the resident had no potential restraints, disabling the side rail review section and leaving all related questions unanswered. No evidence was found that risks and benefits of bed rail use were discussed with the resident or representative or that informed consent was obtained, despite observations of a bed grab bar secured to the bedframe and in the upright position. A third resident with heart failure, COPD, and hypertension had a Siderail Data Collection assessment showing poor bed mobility, use of side rails for support, balance difficulties, and a history of falls, with assist rails/quarter rails selected as the device type. However, there were no comments, no summary, and no documentation of entrapment risk assessment, and no further Siderail Data Collection assessments after the initial date. The Nursing Quarterly/Annual/Significant Evaluation again marked that the resident had no potential restraints, disabling the side rail review questions, and there was no evidence of any discussion of risks and benefits or informed consent for bed rail use. Observations showed quarter-length bed rails in the upright position on each side of the bed, which the resident stated were used for repositioning. A fourth resident with Parkinson’s disease, cerebral infarction, and dementia had a Siderail Data Collection assessment documenting poor bed mobility, use of side rails for support, balance difficulties, and a history of falls, with assist rails/quarter rails selected. As with the other residents, the assessment lacked comments and a summary, and there was no evidence of an entrapment risk assessment or any subsequent Siderail Data Collection assessments. The Nursing Quarterly/Annual/Significant Evaluation recorded no potential restraints, disabling the side rail review questions and leaving them unanswered. The record contained no documentation that risks and benefits of bed rail use were discussed with the resident or representative or that informed consent was obtained, even though repeated observations showed quarter-length bed rails in the upright position on both sides of the bed. Interviews with the DON and Administrator confirmed that the consolidated nursing assessment format caused the bed/side rail review questions to be skipped when staff selected that a device was not a restraint, and that informed consent had not been obtained for residents using grab bars, quarter-length, or half-length bed rails.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Failure to assess and obtain consent before bed rail use for two residents. Two cognitively intact residents with diagnoses including AFib, HTN, arthritis, CAD, and HF were observed with bed rails on their beds even though their MDSs indicated no bedrail use. Both records lacked a bedrail assessment, consent, and education, and the DON confirmed no assessment had been completed before the rails were installed.
A resident with severe cognitive impairment and total dependence for care fell from bed after an air mattress was set too high for the resident’s weight, causing the mattress to overinflate and push the resident into a siderail. The resident’s arm became trapped in the rail and the resident sustained neck and sternum injuries. The record also showed no siderail entrapment assessment for the resident, and multiple other residents with air mattresses and siderails also lacked documented side rail assessments.
A facility failed to complete ongoing reassessments of bed siderail safety for a resident with severe cognitive impairment and total dependence for bed mobility. The resident continued using the siderails for months without the required review, and later developed bruising and a traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation after the arm was reportedly caught in the rail. An internal investigation and later assessment found the siderails were unsafe and no longer indicated.
Failure to Assess and Obtain Consent for Bed Rail Use: Two residents had one-quarter bed rails in place with physician orders for positioning and mobility, but the clinical record lacked documented bed rail safety assessments and signed informed consent. One resident had moderately impaired cognition and the other had severely impaired cognition; both were observed with the rails up and locked in place. The ADM and DON acknowledged the assessments and consents were missed, and staff stated the required documentation should have been completed before bed rail use.
A resident with acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypoxia, Type 2 DM with hyperglycemia, generalized muscle weakness, and impaired cognition was placed in four locked bed rails for fall risk. The record showed only one alternative intervention, one-to-one activities and supervision, with no documented evidence explaining why it was ineffective, and the DON stated there was no documented active order for a low bed or other alternative. The resident was observed asleep with all four bed rails up and locked, and the care plan and active orders did not show monitoring for safe bed rail use.
Failure to Assess Bed Rail Entrapment Risk: A resident with severe cognitive impairment and multiple medical conditions was placed in a bed with assist rails without documented assessment for appropriateness, documented alternatives, or informed consent. Staff later found the resident with his head and neck trapped between the mattress and the assist bar, unresponsive and not breathing, and CPR was started before EMS transported him to the hospital. The resident was admitted with cardiac arrest and diffuse hypoxic injury and later expired.
Failure to Assess and Obtain Consent Before Bed Rail Use
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to comprehensively assess and attempt alternatives before using bed rails for 2 of 6 residents reviewed for bed rail use. R55’s MDS indicated she was cognitively intact and had diagnoses including atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and arthritis. Although Section P of the MDS indicated R55 did not use bedrails, during observation on 7/6/26 her bed had half-length bed rails attached to both sides. R55 stated the rails had been there since admission and that she did not routinely use them. Her medical record lacked an assessment, consent, and education for bedrail use. R16’s quarterly MDS indicated he was cognitively intact and had diagnoses including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and high blood pressure. Section P of the MDS indicated R16 did not use bedrails, but during observation on 7/6/26 his bed had quarter bed rails attached to both sides. R16 stated he did not use them and could not recall how long they had been on his bed. His medical record also lacked an assessment, consent, and education for bedrail use. The DON stated a resident using bedrails required an assessment for appropriateness, a physician’s order, consent, and education, and confirmed R55 and R16 had not had a bedrail assessment prior to installation.
Failure to Assess Bed Rail Entrapment Risk and Mattress Settings
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to assess residents for risk of entrapment from bed siderails and failed to calibrate an alternating air flow mattress setting for a resident’s weight. The report states that these failures resulted in one resident’s mattress becoming overinflated, which caused the resident to fall into the bedrail and to the floor. During the fall, the resident’s arm became entrapped in the bedrail and the resident was unable to reposition the head and neck away from the rail, resulting in neck and sternum injuries. The affected resident had diagnoses including unspecified dementia with agitation, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis with a history of left femur fracture, generalized muscle weakness, unsteadiness on feet, need for assistance, and abnormalities of gait and mobility. The resident’s MDS documented severe cognitive impairment and total dependence on staff for all ADLs, including bed mobility and transfers. The resident’s care plan included use of a low-air-loss mattress, but the record did not contain a side rail assessment to determine risk for entrapment or safety before siderails were used. After the fall, the resident was found sitting on the floor with the face and arm by the side rail, with bruising and abrasions/tears to the neck and bruising to the neck and sternum area. The fall investigation documented that the resident slid off the side of the bed and that the low air loss mattress appeared to be set for a much heavier weight than the resident’s actual weight. The investigation did not identify side rail involvement as part of the root cause or include an intervention related to the siderail. The report also states that 10 additional residents reviewed for side rails and accidents had no side rail assessments in their records, and all had air mattresses and bed siderails in place.
Failure to Reassess Bed Siderail Safety Led to Resident Injury
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure the correct use and ongoing reassessment of bed siderails for one resident who had severely impaired cognition and was totally dependent on staff for bed mobility. The resident was admitted with diagnoses including Alzheimer's disease and polyosteoarthritis, and a Quarterly MDS assessment showed a BIMS score of 4 out of 15, indicating severely impaired cognition. The record showed that the resident continued to use bed siderails, but the facility did not document the required reassessments of the continued need for and safety of the siderails for approximately 15 months after the last reassessment. After the resident was found with bruising to the right armpit and right posterior arm, the resident was transferred to the Emergency Department and diagnosed with a closed traumatic posterior dislocation of the right shoulder. Because of the resident's cognitive impairment, the resident could not recall how the injuries occurred. In the facility's internal investigation, the former DNS stated that the bruise appeared shaped like the side rail, with striations matching the bars on the rail, and that the resident slept on the right side with the arm around the side rail. The statement indicated the arm likely became caught in the siderail and the shoulder was dislocated when the resident tried to pull it out. The facility's records did not show evidence that the required ongoing reassessments were completed after 2/4/2025 to determine whether the bed siderails remained clinically appropriate and safe. During surveyor interview, the Administrator, with the current DNS present, was unable to provide evidence of the required reassessments. A bed siderail assessment completed after the injury determined that the siderails were unsafe for the resident's continued use and were not indicated because they created an accident hazard.
Failure to Assess and Obtain Consent for Bed Rail Use
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to assess two residents for the risk of entrapment from bed rails before the rails were installed and failed to document informed consent for their use. Resident #38 had diagnoses including unspecified dementia, unspecified fall, subsequent encounter, and major depressive disorder. Her quarterly MDS showed a BIMS score of 11, indicating moderately impaired cognition, and Section GG showed she was independent with sit-to-lying and sit-to-stand. Her care plan identified a one-quarter bed rail for mobility, and physician orders dated 06/09/2026 authorized the rail for positioning and mobility, but the clinical record contained no signed bed rail consent and no current bed rail safety assessment prior to installation. During observation, she was seen in her room with the one-quarter bed rail up and locked in place. Resident #89 had diagnoses including senile degeneration of the brain, major depressive disorder, and history of falling. Her quarterly MDS showed a BIMS score of 03, indicating severely impaired cognition, and Section GG showed she required supervision or touching assistance with sit-to-stand and chair-to-bed transfer. Her care plan identified a one-quarter bed rail for mobility and positioning, and physician orders dated 06/01/2026 authorized the rail for positioning and mobility, but the clinical record contained no signed bed rail consent and no current bed rail safety assessment prior to installation. During observations, she was seen lying in bed asleep with the one-quarter bed rail up and locked in place. During interviews, the ADM stated she and the DON had recently audited bed rail assessments and consents, but Residents #38 and #89 had been missed. The DON stated the missed assessments were her responsibility and that bed rail assessments and consents were required before implementation and reviewed quarterly. Facility staff also stated that completion of bed rail assessments and consents was the responsibility of the charge nurse, and the facility policy required review of alternatives, assessment of entrapment risk, and informed consent before bed rail use.
Failure to Document Alternatives and Monitor Bed Rail Use
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to evaluate why alternative interventions were ineffective before installing four bed rails for Resident 10 and failed to monitor the resident’s use of side rails as required by the facility’s Bed Safety and Bed Rails policy. Resident 10 was admitted with acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypoxia, Type 2 DM with hyperglycemia, and generalized muscle weakness. The record showed that the only alternative intervention documented before bed rail use was one-to-one activities and supervision, but there was no documented evidence explaining why that alternative did not work. An order dated 3/30/2026 indicated bilateral full bed rails due to fall risk, and the care plan later documented all bed rails up and locked when in bed with an intervention to attempt less restrictive devices on an ongoing basis. Resident 10’s history and physical stated the resident did not have capacity to understand and make decisions, and the MDS described moderately impaired cognition, dependence for ADLs and functional mobility, no prior falls in the 2 to 6 months before admission, and daily use of bed rails. During observation, Resident 10 was found asleep in bed with all four bed rails up and locked. The DON stated there was no documented evidence of an active order for a low bed and no other alternative attempted with a documented reason for its inability to meet Resident 10’s needs before placing four bed rails. The DON also stated the care plan did not indicate monitoring for bed rails while in use and the Active Orders list did not show an active order to monitor the safe use of the bed rails.
Failure to Assess Bed Rail Entrapment Risk
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to thoroughly assess residents for the risk of entrapment and the appropriateness of using bed rails. The deficiency involved Resident #11, who was admitted with diagnoses including a right hip fracture, anxiety disorder, orthostatic hypotension, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. The resident’s MDS showed severe cognitive deficits and dependence on staff for activities of daily living, including rolling in bed. The record contained no documentation that the resident was assessed for the use of side rails, and there were no documented alternatives attempted before the resident was placed in a bed equipped with bed rails. On 05/23/26, staff found Resident #11 in distress in his room with his head and neck caught between the mattress and the assist bar, and his lower jaw stuck inside the handle of the assist bar. CNA #138 and RN #50 removed the mattress from the opposite side of the bed to free the resident and lower him to the floor. The resident was not breathing and was non-responsive, and RN #50 initiated CPR until EMS arrived and took over rescue efforts. EMS later reported the resident had a pulse and transported him to the hospital. Witness statements and the EMS run sheet described the resident as being found with his head stuck between the bed railing and the bed, with signs of obstruction to breathing. The hospital record stated the resident was admitted after being found down between the bed and an assist rail with cardiac arrest and diffuse hypoxic injury. He was intubated, mechanically ventilated, later transitioned to comfort-focused care, and expired on 06/01/26. The facility policy required attempts at alternatives, interdisciplinary evaluation, resident assessment, and informed consent before use of bed rails, and the report states these steps were not completed for Resident #11.
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