Failure to Verify and Honor DNR Order Before Initiating CPR
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to honor a resident’s clearly established Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) status during a cardiac emergency. The resident had multiple medical diagnoses, including cerebral infarction, COPD, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerotic heart disease, a nonrheumatic mitral valve disorder, cognitive communication deficit, and immunodeficiency. The medical record contained DNR orders created on two separate dates with no end dates, a DNR document signed by the resident and a nurse practitioner, and a 3008 form listing the resident’s advance directive as DNR. The resident’s MDS showed a Brief Interview for Mental Status score of 15, indicating intact cognition, and progress notes documented that the difference between DNR/no CPR and full code had been explained over 30 minutes, after which the resident chose DNR and reiterated to social services that she did not want to be resuscitated or undergo chest compressions. On the day of the incident, a CNA assigned to the resident checked on her and found her sitting in a wheelchair and unresponsive despite multiple verbal attempts to rouse her. The CNA notified the RN, who obtained a blood pressure machine, entered the room, then ran out to the nurses’ station, after which a code blue was paged over the intercom. The RN returned with a crash cart, and additional nursing staff, including RNs and LPNs, entered the room. Staff described transferring the unresponsive resident from the wheelchair to the bed and beginning chest compressions. Multiple staff members reported that when one LPN asked about the resident’s code status, no one in the room knew it at that time, and that this LPN left the room to verify the code status while CPR was already in progress. Interviews and video review confirmed that CPR was initiated and continued for approximately 12 minutes before EMS arrived, despite the resident’s existing DNR orders. Several nurses, including those who arrived after CPR had started, acknowledged that they did not check the resident’s code status before assisting with chest compressions or using a bag-valve mask. Staff later reported that the LPN who checked the record returned and announced that the resident was a DNR, yet compressions continued until EMS arrived. The physician stated that the resident was already in the system as a DNR and that staff were expected to check code status before performing CPR. The DON and regional nurse consultant confirmed, based on interviews and camera review, that staff failed to confirm the resident’s code status prior to initiating CPR and that CPR was performed against the resident’s wishes, leading surveyors to determine that this failure resulted in Immediate Jeopardy.
Removal Plan
- Implemented a revised admission/readmission process requiring an Advance Directive discussion form to be completed by the licensed nurse upon admission or with change in advance directives, with follow-up by Social Services.
- Reviewed Advance Directive discussion forms in the daily clinical meeting with the Interdisciplinary Team.
- Conducted a huddle on units after the clinical meeting to discuss any changes in advance directives/code status.
- Placed signage on each crash cart stating: "Stop check physician order prior to starting Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation."
- Implemented the "It Takes Two" process requiring two licensed nurses to verify code status/advance directives prior to initiation of CPR.
- Initiated an internal investigation including resident record review, staff interviews, and notification to the physician and resident representative.
- Suspended and terminated the assigned nurse and reported the nurse’s license to the licensing board.
- Suspended and terminated an additional nurse who responded and participated in initiation of CPR and reported the nurse’s license to the licensing board.
- Suspended two additional nurses pending investigation and returned them to work with disciplinary action, education on ANE/honoring advance directives, and participation in a code blue drill.
- Conducted a 100% audit of all current residents’ code status and care plans.
- Conducted a 100% audit of crash carts to ensure all required items were present.
- Reviewed CPR cards for identified nurses to confirm validity and inclusion of in-person skills competencies.
- Held an ad hoc QAPI meeting with Administrator, DON, Medical Director, and department heads.
- Completed an audit of residents discharged, transferred to the hospital, or expired to verify advance directives were honored.
- Provided staff education for licensed/certified staff on medical emergency response and communication of advance directives and code status, following physician orders related to advance directives, the "It Takes Two" verification process, and CNA roles during code blue.
- Provided all-staff education on Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation/Resident Rights with focus on honoring advance directives.
- Completed honoring advance directives attestation with licensed nursing staff.
- Completed physician orders education for licensed nursing staff.
- Completed medical emergency response and communication of code status education for licensed nursing staff.
- Completed ANE/Resident Rights education for all staff.
- Completed advance directives posttest for licensed staff.
- Completed ANE/Resident Rights posttest for all staff.
- Completed code blue process/"It Takes Two" education for licensed nursing staff.
- Began code blue drills every shift and required licensed nurses to attend a mock code blue quality assurance drill prior to working.
- Completed CNA roles-in-code-blue training.
- Completed quality reviews validating staff competencies for completed education.
- Completed quality reviews of newly admitted residents to verify completion of the advance directive discussion form.
- Implemented Director of Clinical Services chart review of residents who expire at the facility or are transferred to the hospital after a cardiac event to verify advance directives were followed.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Incomplete DNR Forms for Two Residents: Two residents with DNR status had incomplete DNR paperwork. One resident with CKD and severe cognitive impairment had no resident signature on the DNR form, and the physician signed on the wrong line. Another resident with Alzheimer’s disease and severe cognitive impairment had the resident signature on the proxy line, but the physician signature, date, printed name, and license number were missing. The SW and ADM verified the forms were not completed correctly.
Incomplete DNR forms were found for two residents with DNR status. One resident with chronic respiratory failure, heart failure, and type 2 diabetes had a DNR form with the resident’s signature on the wrong line and an undated physician signature, and another resident with renal disease and type 2 diabetes had the resident’s signature on the wrong line with the Person’s Signature line left blank. The DON and SW both verified the missing information and stated the forms were not completed correctly.
Failure to Review Residents’ AD Decisions: The facility did not ensure that 3 residents were informed of and had their AD decisions reviewed. Each resident was able to make needs known and was their own responsible party, but the EHR did not show review of AD decisions on admission or at care conferences. The Social Services Director and Administrator both acknowledged the missing reviews.
A resident with CHF, pulmonary edema, and chronic respiratory failure had care plan and IDT documentation stating an Advance Directive was on file and up to date, but the document could not be found in the record. The ADON stated only a POST form was present, confirmed a POST is not an Advance Directive, and said there was no copy of the resident’s Advance Directive on file.
Failure to Assist Residents With Advance Directive Formulation: Multiple residents had no advance directive in the chart or documented follow-up after social services notes showed they either already had a POA/Living Will or wanted help completing one. Residents with conditions including fx, chronic resp failure, delirium, sepsis, HTN, CKD, AFib, UTI, discitis, and anemia had incomplete documentation, and one care plan had conflicting POA/Living Will information.
Incomplete OOH-DNR Documentation: A resident with severe cognitive impairment, dementia, HTN, CAD, and dysphagia had DNR status documented, but the OOH-DNR form was not fully completed. The form was signed by the qualified relative, yet the attending physician did not sign the required section and the document lacked the physician's dated signature, printed name, and license number; the DON stated the form was still valid based on the witness signature date.
Incomplete DNR Forms for Two Residents
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that two residents with documented DNR status had properly completed DNR forms. One resident was a male admitted with chronic kidney disease and acute cystitis with hematuria; his face sheet and physician order summary both reflected DNR status, and his MDS showed severe cognitive impairment with a BIMS score of 6. His DNR form dated 8/06/24 did not contain the resident’s signature, and the physician signed on the line intended for the resident’s signature. The second resident was a female admitted with Alzheimer’s disease and chronic kidney disease; her face sheet and physician order summary also reflected DNR status, and her MDS showed severe cognitive impairment with a BIMS score of 3. Her DNR form dated 09/25/25 had the resident’s signature on the line for a legal guardian, agent, or proxy, but the physician’s signature, date, printed name, and license number were missing. The social worker and administrator both verified the missing information and stated the forms were not valid if not completed correctly.
Incomplete DNR Forms for Two Residents
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that two residents with DNR status had completed DNR forms with all required information. Resident #9, a male with chronic respiratory failure, heart failure, and type 2 diabetes, had a DNR order on the physician order summary and a care plan for DNR, but the DNR form showed the resident’s signature on the line for Guardian/Agent/Proxy/Relative Signature, the Person’s Signature line was blank, and the physician’s signature was not dated. Resident #35, a male with renal disease and type 2 diabetes, also had a DNR order and a care plan for DNR, but the DNR form showed the resident’s signature on the line for Guardian/Agent/Proxy/Relative Signature and the Person’s Signature line was blank. During interviews, the DON stated the DNR was not valid if it was not filled out correctly and verified the missing information on the forms for Residents #9 and #35. He stated the SW was responsible for making sure the DNR was completed accurately and that quarterly audits of DNRs were completed for accuracy. The SW also verified the missing information on the DNR forms for both residents and stated she and the resource nurses were responsible for ensuring DNRs were completed correctly. The facility’s Social Services policy stated advance directives would be recognized and respected and that the facility would implement residents’ decisions and directives in compliance with state and federal law and facility policy.
Failure to Review Residents’ Advance Directive Decisions
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that residents were informed of their right to establish an advance directive for 3 of 3 sampled residents reviewed for advance directives. Resident 6 was admitted with diagnoses including COPD and diabetes, was able to make needs known, and was their own responsible party, but the electronic health record did not show that the facility reviewed the resident’s advance directive decisions. Resident 11 was admitted with diagnoses including metabolic encephalopathy and diabetes, was able to make needs known, and was their own responsible party, but the record also did not show review of advance directive decisions. Resident 141 was admitted with diagnoses including acute kidney failure and diabetes, was able to make needs known, and was their own responsible party, but the record did not show review of advance directive decisions. During interviews, the Social Services Director stated that residents’ advance directive decisions should be reviewed on admission, at quarterly care conferences, and at the resident’s request. The Social Services Director later stated that Resident 6’s most recent care conference on 02/24/2026 did not include review of the advance directive decision, Resident 11’s initial care conference on 04/07/2026 did not include review, and Resident 141’s most recent care conference on 11/17/2025 did not include review. The Administrator also stated that social services would review advance directive decisions with residents on admission and at quarterly care conferences, and acknowledged that the lack of review for Residents 6, 11, and 141 did not meet expectations.
Advance Directive Not Located in Resident Record
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure residents exercised their right to formulate an Advance Directive for Resident #33. The State Operations Manual defines an Advance Directive as a written instruction such as a living will or durable power of attorney for health care, and distinguishes a POLST form from an Advance Directive. Resident #33 was readmitted with multiple diagnoses including congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and chronic respiratory failure. Resident #33’s care plan, initiated on 5/4/26 and revised on 5/18/26, documented that the resident had an Advance Directive on file and that it was up to date. An IDT Conference Note dated 5/12/26 also documented that the resident’s Advance Directives were reviewed, accurate, and up to date. However, the resident’s Advance Directive could not be located in the record. On 5/28/26, the ADON stated she only saw the resident’s POST form, acknowledged that a POST form is different from an Advance Directive, and stated she did not believe Resident #33 ever gave the facility an Advance Directive; she confirmed there was no copy on file.
Failure to Assist Residents With Advance Directive Formulation
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure residents and their representatives received assistance to exercise their right to formulate an Advance Directive. Based on policy review, record review, and staff interview, 9 of 12 reviewed residents did not have an advance directive in the medical record or documentation that advance directive information was provided, discussed, or followed up on with the resident or representative. The facility policy stated that on admission the facility would determine whether the patient had executed an advance directive and, if not, determine whether the patient would like to formulate one. Several resident records showed social services notes documenting that the resident either already had a POA/Living Will or wanted assistance obtaining one, but the records did not contain the actual advance directive or documented follow-up. Resident #2, admitted with a nondisplaced left femur fracture and chronic respiratory failure, stated he had a POA/Living Will and that the facility could obtain a copy, but the record did not show an advance directive or follow-up. Resident #37, admitted with a displaced intertrochanteric fracture and delirium, stated she did not have one and wanted assistance making one, yet the record did not document the completed directive at the time of review. Resident #60, with diabetes and anxiety, and Resident #66, with acute embolism/thrombosis and anemia, both stated they had advance directives and would have family provide copies, but no copies or follow-up documentation were present. Additional records also lacked required documentation. Resident #61, with multiple rib fractures and atrial fibrillation, had no advance directive documented and no social services note showing the resident was asked about one or offered assistance. Resident #3, with UTI and discitis, had a social services note indicating she had a POA/Living Will and would let family know, but no advance directive or follow-up was documented. Resident #17, with sepsis and hypertension, had conflicting documentation in social services and care planning records regarding POA/Living Will status, while the baseline care plan did not address advance directive status. Resident #29, with a fractured pubis and chronic kidney disease, and Resident #52, with a fractured hip and hypertension, also lacked advance directive documentation in the medical record.
Incomplete OOH-DNR Documentation
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident had a properly completed advance directive for Resident #5, whose electronic face sheet listed Advance Directives: DNR. Resident #5 had diagnoses including unspecified dementia with behavioral disturbance, hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease with angina, and dysphagia. The quarterly MDS reflected a BIMS score of 0, indicating severe cognitive impairment, and the quarterly care plan noted that the resident's family/representative completed documentation for DNR status and that the code status would be reviewed quarterly and as needed. Record review of the resident's OOH-DNR form dated 12/08/22 showed the form was signed by the qualified relative in section C, but the attending physician did not sign section E, and the form did not include the physician's dated signature, printed name, or license number. Section F, which required all persons who signed above to acknowledge the document was properly completed, was also not signed by the physician. During interview, Social Services stated DNR forms must be filled out completely and said forms may not be valid if the physician's dated signature and license number were missing. The DON stated the form was valid and said they went with the date of the witness signature when the physician's signature was not dated.
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