Unclear PRN Lorazepam Orders Lead to Nurse-Selected Dosing
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to ensure a resident’s drug regimen was free from unnecessary drugs by maintaining clear, physician-directed parameters for PRN psychotropic medication. A male resident with a history of hypertension, hyperlipemia, prostate cancer, depression, dementia, and obstructive sleep apnea had been admitted after hospitalization for altered mental status and a recurrent right subdural hematoma. Review of his electronic medical record showed that, as of a specific date, he had two active PRN orders for lorazepam, both written for anxiety manifested by aggressive behavior, but with different dosages and frequencies: 0.5 mg every 12 hours PRN and 1 mg every 24 hours PRN. Both orders carried the same indication and lacked distinct administration criteria to differentiate when each dose should be used. During interviews and record reviews with the DON, Medical Records Director, and nursing staff, it was confirmed that both lorazepam orders were active simultaneously and that the orders did not specify clear parameters for choosing between the 0.5 mg and 1 mg doses. The DON acknowledged that the orders were confusing and that the administration instructions did not differentiate the two doses. LVN 1 and LVN 2 both stated that nurses were using their own nursing judgment to decide whether to administer 0.5 mg every 12 hours or 1 mg every 24 hours for aggressive behavior, based on their experience, comfort level with the resident, and assessment of the resident’s agitation. LVN 2 confirmed that she had administered the 1 mg dose twice and that her rationale for choosing the higher dose was her judgment that the resident was very agitated and yelling in the hallway, and that the family wanted the resident comfortable. The consultant pharmacist, upon review of the medication orders and MAR, stated that at the time of the monthly review the resident had only one lorazepam order and that the 1 mg order was added later. The pharmacist noted that, with both orders active, the resident could potentially receive a total of 2 mg of lorazepam in 24 hours if both orders were carried out, and that the physician should have discontinued one order or clarified the administration instructions. The pharmacist and DON both indicated that medication orders should not rely on nurses’ judgment alone to determine dose selection and that PRN orders should have clear, defined parameters, including the expectation to use the lowest safe dosage for psychotropic medications. Facility policies on Medication Therapy and Administering Medications required that each resident’s medication regimen include only necessary medications, that orders be supported by appropriate care processes, and that there be a clear indication, appropriate dosage, and appropriate frequency and duration, which were not met in this case due to the duplicative and non-specific PRN lorazepam orders.
Penalty
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Inadequate monitoring was identified for a resident receiving furosemide, a high-risk diuretic. The resident had CAD with angina, HTN, hyperlipidemia, cognitive impairment, and dementia, but the record lacked orders for weights or edema monitoring and did not include clear provider-notification parameters for changes in weight or edema. Although the care plan referenced monitoring edema and weight, weights were done monthly instead of weekly, and an eight-pound weight fluctuation was not documented as reported to the provider. Staff and the DON stated they expected weekly weights and regular edema checks for residents on diuretics.
Failure to follow ordered medication parameters led to unnecessary drug administration. One resident with DM, HTN, and schizophrenia received rapid-acting insulin even when BS was below the ordered hold parameter on multiple occasions, and another resident with HTN, major depressive disorder, and schizoaffective disorder received antihypertensive meds without documented BP or pulse readings despite hold parameters. A third resident with DM had an insulin order without BS parameters, and a nurse later updated the EMR with parameters.
Failure to Follow BP Hold Parameters for Antihypertensive Medications: A resident with hypertensive heart disease received ordered BP medications despite BP readings below the physician's hold parameter of systolic BP less than 100. The MAR showed Isosorbide Mononitrate ER, Losartan, and Atenolol were administered when BP was 86/54, 94/57, and 77/52, and the DON confirmed the medications were given when the ordered parameters were not met.
A hospice resident with COPD, opioid dependence, chronic pain, and anxiety received Narcan nasal spray from staff without a physician order or standing order after being found unresponsive. After the dose, the resident developed flailing and jerking movements, respiratory distress, and signs consistent with opioid withdrawal, and was transported to the hospital where she received lorazepam and morphine and was admitted.
Two residents receiving insulin did not have ordered blood glucose checks completed, including missed checks when one resident was sleeping and a documented shortage of test strips. One resident with type 2 DM had multiple missed BG checks and no documentation that the provider was contacted when BG exceeded the ordered threshold, while another resident with type 2 DM, CHF, chronic respiratory failure, and obesity also had missed q4h BG checks and no provider notification documented for BG readings over 400 mg/dL.
A facility failed to follow provider parameters for an antihypertensive medication when a resident’s metoprolol was given even though SBP was below the hold threshold on multiple occasions. The facility also allowed two active PRN ondansetron orders for another resident, and both orders were available in the EHR and used. RNs and the DON confirmed the medication parameters and duplicate-order review process were not followed.
Inadequate Monitoring for Resident on Furosemide
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure adequate monitoring was in place for a resident receiving furosemide, a high-risk diuretic, as part of the resident’s drug regimen. The resident’s quarterly MDS listed coronary artery disease with angina pectoris, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, moderate cognitive deficit, and unspecified dementia with impaired decision making and poor short-term memory. The medical record included orders for compression bandages, weekly orthostatic blood pressure checks, a 2-gram sodium diet, daily furosemide 40 mg, and shortness of breath assessments three times per day, but it lacked orders for weights or edema monitoring. The care plan identified diuretic therapy related to excess fluid and included monitoring for side effects, effectiveness, edema, and weight, but it did not include specific parameters for provider notification related to changes in edema or weight. The resident’s weights were documented monthly, showing 227 pounds on 6/6/26, 235 pounds on 7/13/26, and 227 pounds on 8/6/26, and there was no evidence that the provider was notified of the eight-pound weight fluctuation. During interviews, nursing staff and the DON stated they expected residents on furosemide to be monitored for edema and weighed weekly, and the NP stated she expected weekly weights and notification for a weight gain of greater than five pounds in a week. The DON confirmed the resident was being weighed monthly, there were no edema monitoring orders, and no parameters were listed for provider notification when weight or edema changed.
Failure to Follow Ordered Medication Parameters
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident’s insulin was held when blood glucose was below the physician’s ordered parameter. The resident had diagnoses including type 2 DM, HTN, and schizophrenia, and his EMR documented intact cognition on the annual MDS. His physician ordered Novolog 10 units subcutaneously before meals with instructions to hold the dose when blood sugar was less than 120 mg/dL and to call the provider for blood sugar less than 60 mg/dL or over 400 mg/dL. Review of the resident’s MAR showed multiple instances in April, May, and June 2026 when Novolog was administered even though blood sugar was below 120 mg/dL. The report states the insulin was not held on three of 90 opportunities in April, three of 93 opportunities in May, and three of 90 opportunities in June. During observation and interview, a licensed nurse and an administrative nurse stated that the physician’s insulin parameters should be followed and that insulin should be held when blood sugar was below the ordered parameter. The facility also failed to ensure physician-ordered parameters were obtained and recorded before administering antihypertensive medications to another resident. That resident had HTN, major depressive disorder, and schizoaffective disorder, with moderately impaired cognition on the annual MDS and hospice services. His orders for propranolol and amlodipine included blood pressure and pulse hold parameters, but review of the MAR from January 2026 through July 2026 showed no documented blood pressure or pulse with amlodipine administration, and propranolol was administered without blood pressure being obtained and documented. A certified medication aide and licensed nurse stated the parameters should be followed, and an administrative nurse stated blood pressure and pulse should be documented when physician parameters are present. The report also identified a third resident with DM whose insulin order lacked blood sugar parameters, and a nurse stated she updated the EMR with blood sugar parameters after noting the issue.
Failure to Follow BP Hold Parameters for Antihypertensive Medications
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to keep a resident's drug regimen free from unnecessary drugs by not following physician-ordered blood pressure parameters for administering blood pressure medications. During review of Complaint 3031582, surveyors reviewed the medical record of Resident #11, who had been in the facility for 18 days in 2026 and had a diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease. The April 2026 MAR showed the resident received Isosorbide Mononitrate ER 30 mg in the evening, Losartan Potassium 25 mg in the evening, and Atenolol 25 mg twice daily even when the resident's blood pressure was below the ordered hold parameter of systolic blood pressure less than 100. The record showed these medications were administered on 4/9/26 and 4/10/26 when blood pressure readings were 86/54 and 94/57, and Atenolol was also administered on 4/16/26 when the blood pressure was 77/52. The Surveyor reviewed the April 2026 MAR with the DON, and the DON confirmed that the resident was given blood pressure medications on 4/9, 4/10, and 4/16/26 when the blood pressure did not meet the physician-ordered parameters.
Unordered Narcan Administration to Hospice Resident
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident’s drug regimen was free from unnecessary drugs when staff administered Narcan (naloxone) to a hospice resident without a physician order or documented clinical indication. Resident #4 had diagnoses including COPD, opioid dependence, anxiety disorder, chronic pain, and polyneuropathy, and was receiving hospice services for COPD with comfort-focused symptom management. The resident’s orders included oxycodone PRN, a fentanyl patch that was increased from 50 mcg/hr to 75 mcg/hr, and morphine sulfate for pain and shortness of breath. The resident’s electronic record did not show an order authorizing Narcan or any standing order for its use. According to staff interviews and records, the resident was found unresponsive and a staff member, believing it looked like an overdose, retrieved Narcan nasal spray from the medication cabinet and administered it without a physician order. After the Narcan, the resident became more active, flailed, and had jerking movements of the upper extremities, appeared in respiratory distress, pushed away the oxygen mask, and was not following commands. EMS documented findings consistent with opioid withdrawal following Narcan administration, and hospice records stated the Narcan was administered inappropriately. The resident was transported to the hospital, where she received multiple doses of lorazepam and morphine, was admitted, and a morphine infusion was started.
Missed Blood Glucose Monitoring for Residents Receiving Insulin
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that residents' drug regimens were free from unnecessary drugs by not completing ordered blood glucose monitoring for two residents receiving insulin. One resident with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a physician order for insulin lispro before meals and at bedtime, with blood glucose checks to guide treatment, but the July 2026 MAR documented 25 instances where the resident was sleeping and the blood glucose was not drawn. The MAR also documented that no glucose test strips were in the building on July 28, 2026, and it did not show blood glucose checks at 4:00 PM on July 2, 4, 5, 11, 17, and 18, 2026. The resident stated that the facility had run out of glucose test strips, so staff could not test blood sugar or administer insulin that day. A second resident with type 2 diabetes mellitus and other diagnoses including chronic diastolic heart failure, chronic respiratory failure, and obesity had a physician order for blood sugar checks every 4 hours, with instructions to contact the provider if blood sugar exceeded 400 mg/dL. The May 2026 MAR showed missed blood glucose checks at 12:00 AM on May 13, 12:00 PM on May 15, and 12:00 AM and 4:00 AM on May 16. The MAR and progress notes also did not show that the physician was contacted when blood glucose levels exceeded 400 mg/dL on May 13 at 8:00 PM and May 14 at 4:00 PM. Staff interviews confirmed that sleeping residents were expected to be awakened for ordered blood glucose testing and that the facility should not run out of strips or insulin.
Unnecessary Medication Use and Duplicate PRN Orders
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that antihypertensive medication was administered according to provider-ordered parameters for one resident with intact cognition who had diagnoses including heart failure and diabetes. The resident had an order for metoprolol 50 mg twice daily with instructions to hold the medication if systolic blood pressure was below 120 or heart rate was below 60. The MAR showed multiple instances in which metoprolol was documented as given even though the resident’s systolic blood pressure was below the ordered hold parameter, including readings of 116, 115, 112, and 106. The resident’s care plan identified hypertension and use of antihypertensive medication, with instructions for blood pressure checks per provider order and monitoring for side effects such as orthostatic hypotension and increased heart rate. The medical record did not contain consent from the provider to give metoprolol outside the written parameters. During interview, the RN overseeing the resident’s care confirmed the medication should have been held when the blood pressure was below the ordered threshold and acknowledged it had been administered outside the parameters. The facility also failed to prevent duplicate active medication orders for another resident with intact cognition and diagnoses including kidney disease, diabetes, and dementia. That resident had an active PRN ondansetron order for nausea and vomiting, and a second PRN ondansetron order was entered later, resulting in two active orders available in the EHR. The resident received ondansetron under both orders on multiple occasions. The record also showed the resident had signed onto hospice, and the order summary in the certification and plan of care reflected only one ondansetron order.
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