Failure to Ensure Capacity and Understanding in Arbitration Agreements
Summary
Surveyors found that the facility failed to ensure residents had the mental capacity to sign arbitration agreements and did not adequately explain these agreements in a manner or language the residents could understand. In one case, a resident with a BIMS score indicating severe cognitive impairment signed an arbitration agreement, despite the expectation that a power of attorney should have been involved. Interviews confirmed that the resident did not recall signing the agreement or understand its purpose. Another resident, who was cognitively intact according to their BIMS score, signed an arbitration agreement but could not recall if the agreement was explained or if they had signed it. This resident also did not understand what an arbitration agreement was. A third resident, also cognitively intact, misunderstood the arbitration process, believing it involved a judge and a court, and was unsure if they had signed such an agreement upon admission. Staff interviews revealed inconsistent practices in explaining arbitration agreements. The administrator stated that residents were told they did not have to sign if they did not understand, but typically had residents read the agreement themselves rather than providing a thorough explanation. The previous admissions director described explaining the voluntary nature of the agreement and the option to seek legal counsel, but would only involve a responsible party if the resident did not understand. The regional director confirmed that a resident with severe cognitive impairment should not have signed the agreement without the power of attorney.
Plan Of Correction
Tag: F 0847 Administrator or designee will review and explain the arbitration agreement to residents and/or sponsors of #9, #25, and #31 by 6/20/25. The administrator or designee will review the arbitration agreement log with identified residents to ensure choice and understanding by 6/20/25. RDO provided education to administrator on arbitration requirements on 6/5/25. Three new admissions will be audited weekly x4 weeks to ensure understanding and choice in regards to signing arbitration agreements. Results of audit will be provided to QAPI committee for review and recommendations.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
A facility failed to clearly separate the arbitration agreement from the admission agreement and did not ensure residents or representatives could sign admission paperwork without also agreeing to binding arbitration. The admission packet tied the dispute resolution provision to the admission agreement, while residents with intact cognition said they did not know what an arbitration agreement was, did not remember signing one, or were unsure if they had signed one; resident council attendees also said they were unaware of any arbitration agreement.
A resident admitted with major depressive disorder had a binding arbitration agreement signed by the family representative after all admission paperwork was presented together. The family representative said the agreement was not explained and they did not know it was optional. Staff interviews and facility policy confirmed the agreement should be clearly explained, including that it is optional and that signing waives the right to a trial.
A resident with a hx of TIA, HF, and weakness had a binding arbitration agreement in the record signed by the resident instead of the designated HCPM daughter. The daughter stated the agreement was not discussed with her, while the AC said arbitration is explained if not understood and that the resident or representative should verbally acknowledge understanding before signing.
Arbitration Agreement Not Fully Explained to Resident with Cognitive Impairment A resident with moderately impaired cognition and Vietnamese as a primary language signed a 5-page arbitration agreement after it was reviewed with translation help from a Vietnamese-speaking nurse. Later, the resident said they did not remember signing the document and did not know what it was, and the record did not show a witness signature or detail how the complex admission packet was explained in a way the resident could understand.
Failure to Explain Arbitration Agreement Terms: A resident with encephalopathy and severely impaired cognition had an AA signed by the RP, but the RP said he was not given a copy and was not told the agreement was optional or that it could be rescinded within 30 days. The BOA stated he explained that an arbitrator would decide disputes instead of a jury, but he did not know about the 30-day rescission option, while the BOM stated staff were expected to explain the AA’s purpose and that signing was not required for admission.
Two residents were involved in arbitration agreements that were signed without clear evidence they understood the documents. One resident with intact cognition said they did not recall authorizing anyone to sign for them, while another resident said they did not receive an explanation and just signed where they were told to sign. The SSD stated they had no training on arbitration agreements and handled them as part of the admission packet.
Arbitration Agreement Not Clearly Separated From Admission Packet
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to clearly distinguish the arbitration agreement from the admission agreement and did not ensure residents or their representatives could sign the admission agreement without also consenting to the facility’s arbitration agreement. The admission packet’s introductory note stated that the admission agreement, including the dispute resolution provision/agreement, represented an agreement between the resident, the resident representative if applicable, and the facility. The dispute resolution section stated that by entering into the agreement both parties waived the right to have disputes decided in court and instead accepted binding arbitration as the sole means of dispute resolution, while also stating that arbitration was not a condition of admission or continued care. The administrator identified 68 residents in the facility, and the administrator and admissions coordinator stated all 68 residents or representatives had agreed to arbitration. Residents with intact cognition, including several with BIMS scores of 14 or 15, told the surveyor they did not know what an arbitration agreement was, did not remember signing one, or were unaware whether they had signed one. During resident council, attendees stated no one knew what an arbitration agreement was. The admissions coordinator stated that if a resident did not want to sign the arbitration agreement, signatures would be stopped and the packet would be reprinted so the resident would not have to sign it, and said a script was read explaining the resident did not have to sign and had 30 days to rescind in writing. The administrator stated a script was read during admission discussions and that if the resident said they understood, the administrator believed them.
Binding Arbitration Agreement Not Clearly Explained
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that a binding arbitration agreement was explained in a manner understandable to the family representative of Resident 25. Resident 25 was admitted to the facility in March 2026 with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. During an interview, the family representative stated they completed the admission paperwork and signed the binding arbitration agreement after being given all of the admission paperwork at one time and told to sign it. The family representative stated the agreement was not explained and that they did not understand it was optional. Facility staff interviews confirmed that the binding arbitration agreement was provided with the admission paperwork. The Resident Relations Liaison stated it was important to tell residents that the agreement was optional and not a condition of admission, but also stated that when the agreement was given to the family representative, it was not explained line by line. The Clinical Liaison stated residents and representatives needed to understand they were waiving the right to a trial when signing the agreement and that it was important to explain that it was optional and not required for admission. The facility policy stated residents or representatives are to be informed of the nature and implications of proposed binding arbitration agreements, that the optional nature of the agreement is to be clearly communicated, and that the terms are to be explained in a way that ensures understanding.
Arbitration Agreement Not Explained to Designated Representative
Penalty
Summary
The facility did not ensure that Resident 79’s binding arbitration agreement was explained to and signed by the resident’s designated representative. Resident 79’s admission record showed diagnoses including a history of TIA, heart failure, and weakness, and identified the resident’s daughter as the healthcare decision maker. However, the arbitration agreement in the record showed a signature indicating Resident 79 signed the document rather than the daughter. During interview, the daughter stated that the arbitration agreement was not discussed with her. The admission coordinator stated that if a resident or representative does not understand arbitration, an explanation is provided, and that some individuals sign and others decline. The facility policy stated that residents or representatives are to be informed of the nature and implications of binding arbitration agreements, that the terms are to be explained in a way that ensures understanding, and that the resident or representative must verbally acknowledge understanding before signing.
Arbitration Agreement Not Fully Explained to Resident with Cognitive Impairment
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure Resident 133 entered into a legally binding arbitration agreement only after fully understanding its terms, and the required explanation of the agreement was not provided in a form and manner the resident could understand. During an observation and interview in the resident’s room, Resident 133 and the resident’s friend were shown a paper copy of the arbitration agreement that had been signed earlier, and Resident 133 stated they did not remember signing it and did not know what the document was. The friend stated that Resident 133 does not have a good memory. Record review showed the arbitration agreement for Resident 133 was signed by the resident and later by the Admissions Assistant. The Admissions Assistant stated that Resident 133’s primary language is Vietnamese and that a Vietnamese-speaking nurse helped translate and review the five-page arbitration agreement with the resident, but there was no witness signature documented. The Marketing-Admissions Note stated that the admissions packet was reviewed at the bedside with translation assistance and that Resident 133 verbalized understanding, but it did not describe how the extensive and complex packet, including the arbitration agreement, was reviewed with a resident who had a BIMS score of 10, indicating moderately impaired cognition.
Failure to Explain Arbitration Agreement Terms
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that the arbitration agreement was adequately explained so the resident’s responsible party could understand its terms for one sampled resident. Resident 65 was admitted with diagnoses including encephalopathy, and the history and physical dated 4/4/2026 stated that the resident did not have the capacity to understand and make decisions. The MDS dated 4/7/2026 indicated severely impaired cognition and dependence or substantial/maximal assistance with multiple activities of daily living, including toileting hygiene, bathing, dressing, oral hygiene, and eating. Resident 65’s arbitration agreement, dated 4/9/2026, was signed by Family Member 1. During interview, Family Member 1 stated he signed the agreement but did not receive a copy, and he was not told that the agreement was not required for admission or that it could be rescinded within 30 days if not understood. The Business Office Assistant stated he explained that the arbitration agreement involved a neutral third party deciding the outcome instead of a jury, but he did not know and did not inform residents or responsible parties that it could be rescinded within 30 days. The Business Office Manager stated the Business Office Assistant was expected to explain the purpose of the agreement, that signing was optional and not required for admission, and that the agreement could be canceled within 30 days. The facility policy titled Binding Arbitration Agreement stated that the resident or representative must be explicitly informed of the right not to sign the agreement as a condition of admission or as a requirement to receive care.
Residents Signed Arbitration Agreements Without Clear Understanding
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure residents understood binding arbitration agreements before signing them for 2 of 2 sampled residents reviewed. For one resident, an arbitration agreement dated 09/29/25 showed the resident representative’s name printed on the signature page, while the SSD signed in the facility representative area. The resident’s admission assessment dated 10/05/25 showed a BIMS score of 15, indicating intact cognition and ability to make decisions of daily living. When interviewed on 04/22/26, the resident stated they did not recall giving anyone permission to sign an arbitration agreement for them and said they were not in their right mind when admitted because of their condition. For the second resident, an arbitration agreement dated 04/08/26 also showed the resident’s name printed in the resident representative section, with no resident signature on the signature page and the SSD signing in the facility representative area. The resident’s admission assessment dated 04/15/26 showed a BIMS score of 14, indicating intact cognition and ability to make decisions of daily living. During interview, the resident stated they did not recall signing an arbitration agreement, did not receive an explanation of what they signed at admission, and said they just signed where they were told to sign. The SSD stated they had not received training on arbitration agreements and oversaw them as part of the admission packet; they also stated they did not recall any resident reading the entire document. The SSD further stated they read the admission documents to the first resident and signed for them because the resident was too shaky at the time.
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