Failure to Implement Non-Pharmacological Interventions and Stop Date for PRN Lorazepam
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that non-pharmacological interventions were attempted prior to the administration of an as-needed antianxiety medication for Resident #22. The resident, who had a complex medical history including encephalopathy, end stage renal disease, and anxiety disorders, received lorazepam multiple times without any documented attempts of non-pharmacological interventions. This was confirmed through a review of the medical records and an interview with the Director of Nursing, who verified that non-pharmacological interventions were not attempted prior to the administration of lorazepam on several occasions in March and April 2024. Additionally, the facility did not ensure that the as-needed lorazepam order for Resident #22 included a stop date, as required by regulations. The resident's physician's order for lorazepam one milligram IM every four hours as needed for anxiety and agitation, dated 03/15/24, lacked a stop date. This was also confirmed by the Director of Nursing during an interview. The facility's policy on psychotropic drugs was reviewed and found to be in place to promote the utilization of such drugs in accordance with accepted principles of geriatric medicine and long-term care practice, but it was not followed in this instance.
Penalty
A resident was prescribed Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel) for insomnia despite not having a psychotic disorder, which is necessary for such medication. The facility failed to act on a pharmacist's recommendation to discontinue the medication, resulting in its continued use without an appropriate diagnosis.
The facility failed to monitor psychotropic medications for two residents, leading to a deficiency in medication management. One resident with major depressive disorder and anxiety was not monitored for side effects and effectiveness of medications like bupropion and fluvoxamine. Another resident with Alzheimer's and depressive disorder was not monitored for medications like Seroquel and sertraline. The DON confirmed the absence of monitoring orders, violating the facility's psychotropic medication management policy.
A resident with dementia and anxiety was prescribed Seroquel without appropriate clinical indications or documentation of attempts at gradual dose reduction. Despite the care plan's emphasis on monitoring and reducing psychoactive medication, no behavioral issues were observed, and the medication was not reduced or discontinued. Interviews confirmed the medication was used for unapproved indications, and the facility's policy on unnecessary drugs was not followed.
The facility failed to address pharmacy recommendations for GDRs and non-pharmacological interventions for several residents, including a cognitively intact resident and a resident with cognitive impairment. Recommendations for reducing Buspirone and Fluvoxamine were disagreed upon without proper documentation of education or reasons for refusal. Another resident with severe cognitive impairment was receiving multiple psychotropic medications without specific justifications for disagreeing with GDRs. Additionally, an AIMS assessment was not completed upon initiation of Seroquel for a resident with moderately impaired cognition, contrary to facility policy.
The facility failed to complete AIMS assessments for two residents on antipsychotic medications, despite recommendations and physician orders. One resident, severely cognitively impaired and on hospice, was prescribed Risperdal and Ativan PRN without a stop date, leading to administration beyond the intended period. Another resident with dementia had a delayed AIMS assessment despite a pharmacy recommendation. The facility's policy on monitoring psychotropic drug side effects was not followed.
The facility failed to monitor side effects and behaviors for a resident on psychotropic medications, and another resident received antipsychotic medication without an appropriate diagnosis. The DON confirmed these lapses, indicating inadequate medication management.
Inappropriate Use of Antipsychotic Medication
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that a resident had an appropriate diagnosis for the use of an antipsychotic medication, specifically Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel). The resident, who was admitted with diagnoses including malnutrition, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, muscle weakness, and atrial fibrillation, was prescribed Seroquel for insomnia. However, the resident did not have a psychotic disorder, which is necessary for the use of such medication. Despite recommendations from a pharmacist to evaluate and discontinue the medication due to the lack of an appropriate diagnosis, the medication was continued until it was eventually discontinued on 03/25/25. The Director of Nursing confirmed that the medication regime review was not acted upon in a timely manner, and the resident continued to receive Seroquel without a warranted diagnosis. The facility's policy states that psychotropic drugs should only be administered when necessary to treat a specific condition, as diagnosed and documented in the clinical record. The failure to adhere to this policy resulted in the unnecessary administration of an antipsychotic medication to a resident without a proper diagnosis.
Failure to Monitor Psychotropic Medications
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure proper monitoring of psychotropic medications for two residents, leading to a deficiency in medication management. Resident #48, who had diagnoses including major depressive disorder and anxiety, was prescribed multiple psychotropic medications such as bupropion, fluvoxamine, buspirone, and escitalopram. Despite the care plan's requirement to monitor for side effects and effectiveness, there was no documentation of such monitoring in the medication administration record (MAR) from February 18 to March 25. The Director of Nursing (DON) confirmed the absence of orders for monitoring these medications. Similarly, Resident #161, with diagnoses including Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and depressive disorder, was prescribed medications like Seroquel, hydroxyzine, trazodone, and sertraline. The care plan required monitoring for side effects, effectiveness, and behavior interventions, but the MAR from March 10 to March 25 showed no documentation of such monitoring. The DON verified the lack of orders for monitoring targeted behaviors and medication effects. Additionally, the facility's policy on psychotropic medication management was not adhered to, as it requires adequate monitoring and indication for use.
Failure to Ensure Appropriate Use of Antipsychotic Medication
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that a resident received antipsychotic medication as clinically indicated, affecting one resident out of five reviewed for unnecessary medications. The resident, admitted with diagnoses including metabolic encephalopathy, muscle weakness, dysphagia, urinary tract infection, dementia without behavioral/psychotic/mood disturbance, and anxiety, was prescribed Seroquel (Quetiapine Fumarate) 400 milligrams twice a day for agitation and increased anxiety. However, the medical record lacked documentation of previous attempts at gradual dose reduction or a clinical rationale explaining why further reductions would likely impair function or increase stressful behaviors. The care plan for the resident indicated a risk for adverse effects related to psychoactive medication use, with interventions including assessing behaviors, evaluating for adverse effects, exploring non-drug approaches, and reducing medication doses when appropriate. Despite this, the Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment revealed no behavioral issues or diagnoses justifying the use of antipsychotics, and no gradual dose reduction was attempted or noted as clinically contraindicated by a physician. The resident's medication orders were changed to indicate the use of Quetiapine for depression, yet no behavioral concerns were observed during the review period. Interviews with the Director of Nursing and nurse practitioners confirmed that the resident was receiving Seroquel for anxiety and depression, which are not approved indications for its use. The resident was not under the care of a neurologist or psychiatrist to provide a rationale for continuing the medication, and the nursing staff was advised to monitor behaviors. Despite the lack of observed behaviors, the medication was not reduced or discontinued, as it was still considered effective for managing the resident's behaviors. The facility's policy on unnecessary drugs emphasized the need for justification and documentation when using drugs outside of indicated guidelines, which was not adequately provided in this case.
Failure to Address Pharmacy Recommendations and Conduct AIMS Assessment
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to appropriately address pharmacy recommendations for gradual dose reductions (GDR) and non-pharmacological interventions for several residents. Resident #9, who was cognitively intact, was receiving Buspirone without a GDR, and the pharmacy recommended a reduction. The recommendation was disagreed upon by a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, citing the resident's refusal, but there was no documentation of the resident being educated about the benefits of a GDR or the reasons for their refusal. Similarly, Resident #41, who had cognitive impairment, was receiving Fluvoxamine without a GDR, and the recommendation for reduction was also disagreed upon due to the resident's refusal, without proper documentation of education or reasons for refusal. Resident #16, with severe cognitive impairment, was receiving multiple psychotropic medications, and the pharmacy recommended GDRs for Depakote and Risperidone. The recommendations were disagreed upon, with one citing family refusal and another lacking any reason. The Nurse Practitioner documented a generic note about the resident's symptoms being well-managed, but it was not specific to the medications in question. The Director of Nursing was unaware that practitioners were not documenting specific justifications for disagreeing with GDRs, contrary to the facility's policy. Additionally, the facility failed to complete an Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) assessment for Resident #70 upon the initiation of the antipsychotic medication Seroquel. The resident, who had moderately impaired cognition, was receiving Seroquel for psychosis and delirium, but there were no target behaviors documented for its use. An AIMS assessment was completed over a month after the medication was started, which was confirmed by an MDS LPN as a missed requirement. The facility's policy required monitoring for adverse effects using AIMS upon initiation of psychotropic medications, which was not adhered to in this case.
Failure to Complete AIMS Assessments and Implement PRN Stop Dates
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to complete Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) assessments as ordered for two residents receiving antipsychotic medications. Resident #69, who was severely cognitively impaired and receiving hospice services, was prescribed Risperdal, which required an AIMS assessment. Despite recommendations from a monthly medication review and a physician's order, the assessment was not completed. Additionally, Resident #69 was prescribed Ativan PRN for anxiety without a stop date, and the medication was administered beyond the intended stop date. Similarly, Resident #76, who was severely cognitively impaired and diagnosed with dementia and other disorders, was prescribed Risperdal. A pharmacy recommendation for an AIMS assessment was made, but the assessment was not completed until several months later. The facility's policy on psychotropic drug use, which includes monitoring for side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, was not adhered to, as evidenced by the delayed AIMS assessments for both residents.
Failure to Monitor Psychotropic Medication Use
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to adequately assess and monitor Resident #40 for side effects and behaviors related to the use of psychotropic medications, leading to the potential for unnecessary medication use. Resident #40, who has diagnoses including unspecified psychosis, dementia, and major depressive disorder, was receiving citalopram and risperdal. However, there was no documented side effect or behavior monitoring in the medical record, medication administration record, or care plan. The Director of Nursing confirmed the absence of such monitoring, indicating a lapse in the facility's responsibility to ensure safe medication management. Additionally, the facility did not ensure that Resident #48 received psychotropic medication with an appropriate diagnosis and documented necessity. Resident #48, diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and severe cognitive impairment, was prescribed olanzapine as a sleep aid without a suitable diagnosis for its use. The Director of Nursing confirmed the lack of an appropriate diagnosis for the antipsychotic medication, highlighting a failure in the facility's medication management practices.
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