Significant Medication Error and Delayed Response After Wrong Medications Given
Summary
The deficiency involves a failure to ensure that a resident was free from significant medication errors when an agency LPN did not follow proper medication administration procedures. The LPN prepared and administered evening/bedtime medications for two roommates at the same time, in a dark room, by popping both residents’ pills into separate cups labeled with their names. The LPN later admitted that she prepared both residents’ medications together and that the room was dark when she administered the medications. One resident, who was not ordered any benzodiazepines or opioid pain medications, was instead given medications that were ordered for his roommate, including Xanax 2 mg PO, Percocet (Oxycodone/Acetaminophen) 10–325 mg PO, and Gabapentin 800 mg PO. The resident who received the wrong medications had a history that included dementia with Lewy Bodies, neurocognitive disorder, mood disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, CHF, hypertension, cirrhosis, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and insomnia. His active orders included medications such as Abilify, Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Vitamin D, Plavix, Aricept, Fluoxetine, Lactulose, Magnesium Oxide, Melatonin, Remeron, Potassium Chloride, Sennosides, and Tamsulosin, with PRN orders for Acetaminophen, artificial tears, Mucinex, and Zofran. He had no orders for benzodiazepines or opioids. On the evening in question, the LPN documented administering his scheduled evening/bedtime medications around 8:44 P.M. and noted that he complained of being tired after a room change earlier that day. Shortly thereafter, his roommate complained to a CNA that his pain medications did not feel like they had worked, stating he could usually tell within 10 minutes when they took effect, suggesting concern that he had not received his usual medications. The facility also failed to timely identify and correlate the reported medication mix-up with the resident’s subsequent change in condition. Around 8:53 P.M., the LPN found the resident lethargic but responsive to touch and able to follow simple commands, with vital signs within acceptable ranges. The resident’s wife reported that he had not awakened during her visit. Despite the roommate’s report that he believed the medications had been mixed up and the LPN’s own acknowledgment that both residents’ medications had been prepared together, the LPN did not notify a physician of a possible medication error or seek medical guidance at that time. Throughout the night, the resident remained lethargic, and staff noted that something seemed “off,” but no provider was contacted until approximately 1:15 A.M., when the resident was found unresponsive, hypotensive, and bradycardic. EMS was then called, and the resident was transferred to the hospital with an altered mental status and unresponsiveness. Hospital evaluation, including a urine drug screen, showed the presence of benzodiazepines and oxycodone, which matched medications ordered for the roommate and not for the resident, confirming that a significant medication error had occurred and contributed to the resident’s serious deterioration in condition. Additional documentation from EMS and the hospital further described the resident’s condition following the error. EMS records indicated that the resident was unresponsive with pinpoint pupils, hypotension, bradycardia, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of seven, and he received multiple doses of Narcan and Atropine en route. The ED provider note documented hypotension, bradycardia, poor responsiveness, and initial miotic pupils with partial response to Narcan, and the clinical impression included acute encephalopathy and unresponsiveness. The hospital history and physical described acute hypoxic respiratory failure and multifocal pneumonia, with progressive respiratory decline requiring endotracheal intubation and ICU admission. These findings, together with the positive urine drug screen for benzodiazepines and oxycodone in a resident without orders for those medications, were included in the facility’s investigation file as evidence of the significant medication error and its impact on the resident’s condition. The facility’s internal investigation gathered statements from the involved LPN, another LPN who assessed the resident, and a CNA. The agency LPN confirmed that she had prepared both roommates’ medications at the same time, in the dark, and that the roommate later complained that his medications did not feel effective. The second LPN reported that the resident’s condition appeared abnormal and that she eventually insisted he be sent out when he no longer responded as before. The CNA reported that the resident initially seemed at his baseline but later became more lethargic and took a “drastic turn” after his wife left. The DON acknowledged that the incident was possibly medication-related and that the resident’s transfer to the hospital for unresponsiveness was logged as an incident. Collectively, these actions and inactions—improper preparation and administration of medications, failure to promptly recognize and act on the reported medication mix-up, and delayed notification of a physician despite progressive lethargy—constituted the deficiency in ensuring the resident was free from significant medication errors.
Removal Plan
- The Vice President of Clinical Services created a performance improvement plan (PIP), presented it to the Director of Nursing (DON), and the DON assigned the Assistant Director of Nursing (ADON) to assist with medication audits designed to address medication pass performance criteria.
- The DON began an investigation for a possible medication error requiring a resident to be sent to the hospital.
- The DON interviewed the nurse involved and obtained the nurse’s statement of the incident.
- The DON interviewed the nurse working the night of the event and obtained the nurse’s statement.
- The DON interviewed the CNA who worked with the resident the night of the event.
- The DON interviewed the resident’s roommate to obtain a statement.
- The facility provided education on proper medication administration and the five rights of medication administration.
- The DON initiated an in-service on safe medication administration techniques and change of condition with nurses currently on shift regarding the possible medication error.
- The facility implemented a plan for the DON/designee to educate nurses on changes of condition and the five rights of medication administration followed by medication administration audits.
- The facility completed education for all current full-time licensed nurses and implemented a plan for new and agency nurses to be educated upon hire/scheduling by unit managers.
- The facility continued the process for an agency nurse resource guide binder to be available for agency staff to review.
- The DON/ADON began auditing changes in condition per the established schedule, with results reviewed through QAPI and issues addressed as needed.
- The DON/ADON began medication audits per the established schedule, including audits of resident identification/picture identification availability, with results reviewed through QAPI and issues addressed as needed.
- The DON conducted interviews with nurses who had worked prior to the incident/event.
- The ADON completed skin checks and health assessments on residents with low BIMS scores to identify changes in condition or possible medication adverse effects.
- The Vice President of Clinical Services and DON reviewed current policies and procedures for medication administration and change in condition.
- The physician assessed the roommate resident for possible medication adverse effects and reviewed medications for the affected resident.
- The DON reviewed the agency staff process and provided report forms to nursing staff at the beginning of shift to inform nurses how residents take their medication, and identified additions needed to the process including five rights and change in condition policy/education.
- Social Services conducted resident interviews regarding life satisfaction, abuse/neglect, and comfort reporting concerns.
- The DON completed a one-on-one in-service with the nurse involved on safe medication administration and change in resident conditions.
- The DON initiated an in-service for nursing staff on when to notify the DON regarding accidents/incidents, significant changes, medication errors, and emergencies, and implemented education upon hire for new nurses.
- The facility placed the nurse involved on the Do Not Return list.
- The facility implemented a requirement for all residents to have a picture in their chart and completed an immediate audit to verify compliance.
- The physician reviewed medications for the affected resident upon return from the hospital.
- The provider reviewed and approved all medications and documents for the affected resident.
- Social Services interviewed residents to identify concerns about receiving other residents’ medications.
- The facility implemented a plan to discuss the incident at the next QAPI meeting and to review audit results through QAPI with issues addressed as needed.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Significant morphine dose error: An RN administered 0.25 mL (5 mg) of morphine sulfate buccally instead of the ordered 0.1 mL (2 mg) dose to a resident with severe cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, CAD, and dementia. The RN said she followed the medication box label, while the unit manager confirmed the correct dose was on the EMAR. The resident was assessed afterward and remained unchanged.
An LPN administered Humalog insulin to a resident with stroke, aphasia, and diabetes without priming the insulin pen as required by manufacturer instructions. The LPN dialed the ordered 5-unit dose but did not prime the pen with 2 units before injection, and later stated she was unaware of the need to prime it. The DON confirmed insulin pens should be primed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
A resident with CHF and dysphagia had a medication error when an MA crushed and administered multiple morning meds, including Potassium Chloride ER, despite a provider order that it not be crushed. The facility policy required meds to be given as ordered and prohibited crushing do-not-crush, slow-release, and enteric-coated meds; the record also identified potassium chloride as a high-alert medication.
Two residents experienced significant medication errors when ordered meds were not available or not administered as prescribed. One resident on hospice went more than 24 hours after admission without ordered Morphine for pain and air hunger, while another resident missed multiple doses of a Lidocaine patch and Mirabegron because the meds were out of stock or not obtained from the pharmacy, with the DON confirming the missed doses and unrelieved pain were significant.
A resident with moderately impaired cognition and cerebral amyloid angiopathy had a weekly buprenorphine patch order inaccurately transcribed as Suboxone on the MAR. Staff also applied a new pain patch without removing the old one, leaving two active patches on the resident for several days. The DON stated the admission verification process was not followed and the incident was not investigated.
A resident with DM2 and multiple chronic conditions had an order for daily insulin glargine, but an RN documented that the dose was not given because the medication was unavailable. An LPN stated staff should reorder meds when five doses remain and, if out, notify the provider and pharmacy and use the emergency medication supply system; an RN and the DON confirmed backup insulin was available in a lockbox, and the DON noted there was no documentation explaining the omission.
Significant morphine dose error
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident was free from a significant medication error when an RN administered 5 mg of morphine sulfate instead of the prescribed 2 mg dose. The resident had severe cognitive impairment and diagnoses that included Alzheimer's disease, coronary artery disease, and dementia. The physician orders directed morphine sulfate concentrate oral solution 100 mg/5 mL to be given as 2 mg (0.1 mL) buccally every four hours for pain, with a separate PRN order for 5 mg (0.25 mL) buccally every hour as needed for breakthrough pain or shortness of breath. The EMAR showed the resident received the scheduled 2 mg dose at 4:00 p.m. and did not show a PRN 5 mg dose. During observation, RN-B withdrew 0.25 mL of morphine sulfate using the syringe provided with the medication and administered it buccally to the resident, then documented on the narcotic record book that 0.1 mL had been given. RN-B stated she gave 0.25 mL because the medication box label identified 0.25 mL, while RN-A stated the correct dose was 0.1 mL and acknowledged the error after RN-B confirmed the amount administered. The resident was assessed after the error and remained unchanged, with vital signs and condition stable. The DON stated the medication label had been followed instead of the EMAR, and the consultant pharmacist stated the resident could have experienced increased drowsiness from the error.
Insulin Pen Not Primed Before Administration
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure residents were free from significant medication errors when it did not follow insulin pen preparation instructions for Resident #8. Resident #8 was admitted with multiple diagnoses including cerebral infarction (stroke), aphasia, and diabetes, and had a physician order for Humalog (Lispro) insulin pen-injector 100 units/ml to be injected subcutaneously at 5 units before meals for type 2 diabetes. During observation on 8/4/26, an LPN removed the Humalog insulin pen from the medication cart and dialed it to the ordered 5 units, but did not prime the pen with 2 units before administering the dose. The insulin was then given to Resident #8. When interviewed shortly afterward, the LPN stated she did not prime the insulin pen and was unaware of the need to do so before administering insulin. The DON stated insulin pens should be primed according to the manufacturer's instructions and had not been.
Significant medication error involving crushing a do-not-crush ER medication
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that a resident was free from significant medication errors when a Medication Aide crushed and administered medications that included Potassium Chloride ER, despite a physician order stating the medication was to be given by mouth twice daily and not crushed. The resident had diagnoses of chronic diastolic heart failure and dysphagia following a cerebral infarction, and the physician’s orders contained no instruction to crush medications. The facility policy stated medications should be administered as ordered and that medications with do-not-crush instructions, including slow release and enteric coated medications, should not be crushed. During observation, the Medication Aide confirmed they were going to crush all of the resident’s morning medications except Pantoprazole. The aide then placed Clopidogrel, Potassium Chloride ER, Sertraline, and Torsemide into a medication cup, crushed them, added pudding, and fed the mixture to the resident. The record review also identified Potassium Chloride as a high alert medication and cited guidance stating that enteric-coated or extended-release tablets or capsules should not be chewed or crushed.
Significant medication errors from delayed and missed ordered medications
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to obtain physician-ordered medications in a timely manner, resulting in significant medication errors for two residents. One resident was admitted to the facility on 7/9/26 under hospice care with end-stage heart failure and had an order for Morphine Sulfate concentrate 10 mg sublingually every hour as needed for pain and/or air hunger. The resident did not receive Morphine on the day of admission, and the first documented dose was not given until 7/10/26 at 1:41 p.m., about 26 hours after admission. The MAR documented 26 potential missed PRN doses, and the resident’s family member and an LPN stated the medication was not available when needed and that the resident had signs of pain during that period. A second resident had orders for a Lidocaine external patch once daily for mild pain and Mirabegron ER 25 mg daily for urinary antispasmodic use. The MAR and nursing notes documented that the Lidocaine patch was not administered for multiple days because it was out of stock, with missed applications documented on 7/26, 7/27, 7/29, and 7/30, and 7/28 signed in error as given. The resident stated the missed patches prevented comfortable sleep. The same resident also missed Mirabegron doses on multiple days because the medication was on order from the pharmacy and not available, with documentation showing missed administration on 7/14, 7/15, 7/16, 7/17, 7/19, 7/20, and 7/21, and one date documented as given in error. The DON confirmed the Lidocaine order did not include a dose and acknowledged the resident missed several doses because the facility ran out of the patches. The DON also confirmed the Mirabegron was not supplied as expected and that the convenience box did not contain that medication. The resident and family member stated the missed medications affected pain control, sleep, and urinary urgency, and the DON stated the quantity of missed doses and unrelieved pain equated to significant medication errors.
Medication Order Transcription Error and Duplicate Pain Patch Application
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a resident remained free from significant medication errors when admission medication orders were not accurately transcribed to the MAR. The resident was admitted with diagnoses including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and the comprehensive assessment showed moderately impaired cognition and a need for assistance from one staff member with ADLs. The hospital discharge orders included a weekly buprenorphine transdermal patch, but the July 2026 MAR listed the medication as a weekly Suboxone transdermal patch instead. Staff later stated the wrong medication name was entered because Suboxone was believed to be the same medication as buprenorphine, and the admission body check was not completed to determine whether a transdermal patch was already present. The resident representative reported that facility staff applied a new pain patch without removing the old one, leaving two active patches on the resident for three days. Staff later confirmed one patch was on the right shoulder and another on the left shoulder, and the older patch was then removed. The DON stated the facility’s medication error process included staff interviews, physician notification, alert charting, and monitoring for high-alert medications, but also stated the incident was not investigated and no medication error report was completed. The DON further stated the admission process required a three-step verification of orders, and that process was not followed for this resident.
Missed Insulin Dose Due to Medication Unavailability
Penalty
Summary
A resident with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic diastolic heart failure, chronic respiratory failure, and obesity had a physician order for Insulin Glargine Solostar 300 units/mL, 50 units subcutaneously once daily. On 3/20/26 at 11:19 AM, an RN documented that the insulin was not administered because the medication was unavailable. During interviews on 7/30/26, an LPN stated that medications should be reordered through the eMAR when five doses remain and that if a medication is completely out, staff must immediately notify the provider and pharmacy and use the emergency medication supply system. An RN confirmed that backup insulin was available in a lockbox in the third-floor refrigerator and that staff should not run out of insulin. The DON also confirmed the backup insulin location and the pharmacy restocking alert system, and stated there was no documentation in the progress notes or TAR explaining the omission; because she was not employed at the facility at the time, the exact reason for the unavailable medication and omitted dose remained unknown.
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