Failure to Supervise Confused Resident and Respond to Exit Alarms Resulting in Elopement and Injury
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to ensure adequate supervision and prevent an intermittently confused resident from exiting the building through alarmed doors without staff knowledge. The resident had multiple diagnoses including Parkinson’s disease, polyneuropathy, repeated falls, weakness, gait and mobility abnormalities, heart failure, sepsis, pneumonia, and type 2 diabetes. Clinical documentation at admission and shortly thereafter described the resident as confused or chronically confused, and a nurse practitioner note documented disorientation to time. Nursing staff and the resident’s spouse reported that the resident had periods of confusion, agitation, restlessness, wandering in a wheelchair, and repeated statements about wanting to go home. On the day of the incident, staff documented that the resident was exit seeking and upset, and the spouse reported that the resident had tried to get out the door and frequently stated he wanted to go home. Despite these behaviors and documented intermittent confusion, the resident was not identified as an elopement risk on admission, did not have a wandering alert bracelet in place at the time of the incident, and was not placed on 1:1 supervision or increased monitoring. The ADON stated that the resident’s BIMS score indicated cognitive intactness and that he was therefore determined not to be at risk for elopement, even though licensed staff notes documented confusion. The day-shift LPN reported that during shift change she had to turn the resident’s wheelchair around at the front door because he was trying to leave, and she passed on to the oncoming nurse that the resident was agitated. The evening LPN acknowledged knowing the resident was intermittently confused, very agitated, fixated on needing to be somewhere, and repeatedly going to the front door. He administered lorazepam for agitation but left the resident in the lobby in a wheelchair, did not initiate 1:1 supervision, and did not instruct the assigned CNA to increase supervision. The facility also failed to effectively monitor and control its door alarm system. The front entrance had two doors with alarms and a keypad code, and multiple staff, including the administrator, ADON, CNA, maintenance director, and social services director, confirmed that most family members and visitors had been given the door code so they could enter and exit freely. The administrator’s review of camera footage showed the resident opening the inner and outer front doors, triggering the alarm, which sounded for several minutes until a visitor entered the code and silenced it; no staff responded to the alarm, no Code Yellow was called, and no head count was performed. A police officer on patrol later found the resident outside in the facility parking lot next to an overturned wheelchair, in cold, snowy conditions, wearing only a thin T‑shirt and sweatpants, with bleeding lacerations and contusions. Facility staff confirmed they were unaware the resident had left the building until alerted by the CNA who encountered the police officer and the injured resident outside. The facility administrator stated she did not consider the resident’s leaving the building to be an elopement and did not report the incident to the state regional office. These failures resulted in an Immediate Jeopardy determination beginning on the date of the elopement. The survey findings further documented that staff practices and visitor access to door codes undermined the facility’s elopement prevention systems. A CNA stated that when the front door alarm sounded, she turned off the alarm, and during the survey a visitor was observed entering the sounding front door alarm by using the keypad code. The ADON and maintenance director confirmed that family members were routinely given the code, and that entering the code when an alarm was sounding would both unlock the door and silence the alarm. The administrator acknowledged that on the night of the incident, no staff responded to the alarm that sounded for several minutes, and that a CNA was seen on video leaving through the same front door shortly after the alarm was silenced. The resident’s spouse reported that she had informed staff of the resident’s confusion and need for close supervision, had observed him trying to get out the door, and was told the facility could not provide one‑to‑one care. She also stated that when she later asked why the resident did not have a wandering alert bracelet before he left the facility unattended, the administrator responded that in hindsight he should have had an alarm on. The combination of not recognizing the resident’s elopement risk, not implementing appropriate interventions, and allowing visitors to silence exit alarms without staff verification led directly to the resident’s unsupervised exit and subsequent injury.
Removal Plan
- Resident was placed on facility's elopement program with placement of a wander alert bracelet.
- Elopement assessment and care plan were updated to reflect the resident's risk for wandering/elopement by social service director/DON/designee.
- A facility-wide elopement audit using the elopement assessment in PCC was conducted by the Social Service Director.
- All exterior door codes were changed by the facility Maintenance Director.
- All employees were in-serviced by all department managers on the elopement and wandering residents and accidents and supervision policy, including that only employees are to have door codes.
- Care plans were reviewed and updated as needed for residents at risk for elopement by social service director/DON/designee.
- The elopement policy was reviewed by administrator/regional nurse consultant/DON.
- DON will review all new admissions to monitor that all interventions are in place for residents at risk for elopement.
- As part of orientation, new hires will receive education on wandering, elopement, and safety by social service director/DON/designee.
- All department managers were in-serviced by the administrator on the elopement and wandering residents and accidents and supervision policy.
- All employees were in-serviced by their department managers on the elopement and wandering residents and accidents and supervision policy, including that only employees are to have door codes.
- Employees are to assist all visitors in and out of the facility to ensure resident safety.
- Wander alert bracelets were placed in the narcotic drawer and nurses were in-serviced by the DON.
- Nurses were educated on how to place wander alert bracelets on residents.
- The DON/designee will be informed regarding wander alert bracelet placement and use.
- QAPI policy and improvement processes will be used to review and interpret all audit findings.
- All findings will be discussed at monthly QAA for a minimum of 3 months or until the facility is compliant.
- DON/designee will audit 3 times a week for 1 month then weekly for 2 months using the elopement assessment.
- Residents at risk for elopement will be reviewed and a wander alert bracelet applied, care plan updated, doctor orders obtained, and placed in the elopement binder by social service director/DON/designee.
- IDT will review high risk residents who are at risk for wandering and/or elopement during morning meeting.
- All new admissions and readmissions will be reassessed for wandering and risk for elopement and the plan of care updated as needed by social service director/DON/designee.
- Social Service Director will maintain the elopement binder and update care plan with all new interventions.
- Monitoring of all residents for statements such as 'I want to go home' or other expressions indicating a desire or need to leave will be conducted by nurses/social service director/DON/designee.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Failure to ensure effective fall alarms and supervision: two residents had Smart Caregiver monitoring devices set to LOW volume, and one resident's bed alarm did not alert staff before the resident was found on the floor after an unwitnessed fall. One resident had dementia, osteoporosis, prior TIA, and cognitive impairment and was fully dependent on staff, while staff also found that a second resident's bed and recliner alarms did not activate properly during testing.
Failure to assess the safety of perimeter mattresses for two residents. Both residents had severely impaired cognition and significant mobility limitations, and both care plans included use of a perimeter mattress to define the edges of the bed. However, their Mobility, Physical Device, and Fall Risk assessments lacked documentation of a perimeter/defined edge mattress assessment. Staff interviews showed inconsistent understanding of the required order, IDT review, engineering review, and safety assessment before use.
Improper Mechanical Lift Transfers: A resident with dementia, spinal cord dysfunction, and dependence for transfers was supposed to be moved with a full-body mechanical lift and two staff members, but a TMA stated she transferred the resident alone. The resident reported that staff sometimes used only one person for lift transfers because of staffing shortages, while other staff and the DON stated this was unsafe and against policy.
Two residents were involved in accident-hazard deficiencies. One resident with cancer, PVD, and Alzheimer’s disease was observed in a wheelchair with feet extending past short footrests, with the lower legs resting against the hard footrests despite a care plan entry for padding. Another resident with dementia and a hx of falls had an unwitnessed fall, but ordered orthostatic BP monitoring was not completed accurately and staff reported no post-fall PT referral was received.
A resident was given a new electric wheelchair without a prior therapy assessment and could not stop the chair, causing it to strike a bed frame and resulting in a leg laceration, tibia/fibula fractures, and a syncopal episode from blood loss. Another resident with cognitive impairment and high fall risk continued to self-transfer and fall, but the care plan was not updated with new fall interventions after repeated incidents.
A CNA used a Hoyer lift alone to weigh one resident, and another CNA was observed using a Hoyer lift alone to weigh a second resident. One resident’s care plan called for a 2-assist Hoyer lift, and the facility’s lift competency checklist and policy both required two caregivers for mechanical lift use; the DON and Director of Therapy also stated that two staff members are always required.
Failure to Ensure Effective Fall Alarms and Supervision
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to provide adequate supervision and effective use of assistive fall-prevention devices for two residents who were reviewed for fall precautions. One resident had diagnoses including unspecified dementia, age-related osteoporosis, a history of transient ischemic attack, and cognitive impairment, and was described by the POA as weak, bedbound, and unable to participate in physical therapy after a prior right femur fracture. The resident was completely dependent on staff for eating, hygiene, mobility, and toileting, and the care plan included a bed alarm per orders. The resident was found on the floor next to the bed after an unwitnessed fall. The POA reported receiving a call from the facility that the resident had been found on the floor and was not injured, and stated the resident frequently forgot to ask for help and had tried to get up without assistance before. A nurse stated the bed alarm was not heard when the resident fell, and the facility was unable to provide evidence that the bed alarm functioned as intended or alerted staff before the resident was found on the floor. The event report identified the fall as unwitnessed and did not indicate that a bed alarm alerted staff. The facility also failed to ensure the Smart Caregiver sensor pad monitoring system used for another resident was functioning properly and set at an audible volume. Two Smart Caregiver monitor boxes at the nurses' station for that resident's bed and recliner were observed set to LOW volume, and the chime settings faced the back wall of the desk. When a CNA tested the recliner alarm from the resident's room, the monitor at the nurses' station did not illuminate or sound an alert on either attempt. The CNA changed the batteries but did not retest the device, and both CNAs stated they could hear alarms only if they were near the nurses' station and did not recall training on operation or testing of the devices. The facility director stated the facility did not perform preventive maintenance on the devices and relied on staff to ensure they functioned properly.
Failure to Assess Safety of Perimeter Mattresses
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that 2 residents with perimeter mattresses were assessed for safety. One resident had a significant change MDS showing severely impaired cognition, dementia, reduced mobility, muscle weakness, and need for assistance with bed mobility, sitting, standing, and transfers. That resident’s care plan identified limited physical mobility related to dementia with mood disturbance and anxiety, a genetic muscle disorder, spinal stenosis, and osteoarthritis, and included use of a perimeter mattress to help find the edges of the bed for bed mobility. However, the resident’s Mobility, Physical Device, and Fall Risk assessment lacked documentation of an assessment for a perimeter/defined edge mattress. The second resident’s annual MDS showed severely impaired cognition, dementia, multiple sclerosis, repeated falls, and need for partial to moderate assistance with bed mobility. The care plan identified limited physical mobility related to weakness, falls, incontinence, hypertension, renal disease, dementia, MS, depression, and delusional disorder, and included use of a bariatric sized bed with a perimeter mattress to define the edges of the bed. That resident’s Mobility Physical Device and Fall Risk assessment also lacked documentation of an assessment for a perimeter/defined edge mattress. During observation, the resident was in bed asleep with a perimeter mattress. Staff interviews showed differing understanding of whether a physician order, assessment, IDT review, engineering review, and safety assessment were required before use of a perimeter mattress, and the DON confirmed both residents’ most recent assessments lacked documentation of a perimeter/defined edge mattress assessment.
Improper Mechanical Lift Transfers
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure transfers were performed according to R24’s assessed needs, care plan interventions, and facility policy. R24’s records showed she had diagnoses including non-traumatic spinal cord dysfunction, diabetes, dementia, depression, heart failure, and asthma. She was dependent on staff for toileting and transfers, was frequently incontinent of bowel and bladder, and had care plan directions for assistance with transfers using a full-body mechanical lift and two staff members. During interviews, a TMA stated she transferred R24 with the full-body mechanical lift by herself because R24 needed to use the bathroom and she felt the transfer was safe. R24 stated staff sometimes transferred her with only one staff member and said they told her there was not enough staff. Other staff interviewed stated transfers with the full-body mechanical lift using one staff member were unsafe and should not occur. The facility policy for using a mechanical lift stated that at least two trained associates are needed to safely move a resident with a mechanical full-body floor-based lift or ceiling/overhead full-body lift.
Unsafe Wheelchair Fit and Incomplete Post-Fall Monitoring
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to provide an environment free from accident hazards for two residents. Resident 27 was readmitted with diagnoses including cancer, peripheral vascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease and was sometimes able to make needs known. On multiple observations, Resident 27 was seated in a slightly tilted back wheelchair with feet extending beyond the footrests, and the back of the lower legs rested against the hard footrests above the ankle/heel area. A pillow was observed either on the floor or behind the legs rather than padding the footrests. The focused care plan for skin integrity included padding to wheelchair footrests, and staff interviews confirmed the footrests were too short and needed adjustment or replacement, but staff had not notified therapy or otherwise addressed the wheelchair fit. Resident 50 was admitted with diagnoses including dementia, history of falls, and UTI and was sometimes able to make needs known. The care plan identified the resident as at risk for falls. After an unwitnessed fall in the 300 hallway, the incident investigation added interventions to monitor orthostatic blood pressures and refer to physical therapy. However, the record showed an orthostatic blood pressure order on 05/20/2026 was not completed, and subsequent orthostatic blood pressures recorded the same blood pressure and pulse for all three positions on 05/22/2026, 05/23/2026, and 05/24/2026. Staff later stated they had not received a post-fall therapy referral, and the DNS stated the resident should have had orthostatic blood pressures taken accurately to rule out orthostatic hypotension.
Failure to assess electric wheelchair use and update fall interventions
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to comprehensively assess a resident for the use of an electric wheelchair and failed to develop new interventions to reduce fall risk for another resident. The report states that the facility’s policies required a device evaluation before an electric wheelchair was initiated, resident education and consent, and an updated service plan identifying device use and other interventions. The fall management policy required individualized care plan updates, a systematic review after each fall, identification of root cause, and review of prior interventions when new interventions were implemented. Resident 73 was admitted with weakness and lymphedema and had an above-the-knee left leg amputation, requiring assistance with bed mobility, transfers, and locomotion. The resident’s record showed cognitive intactness, lower extremity impairment, supervision or touch assistance for bed-to-chair transfers, and use of a manual wheelchair. On 4/17/26, a newly issued electric wheelchair was delivered and the resident was assisted into it. The resident reported that the representative showed how the chair worked but not enough, and that the resident did not know how to stop it. The resident then returned to the room, could not stop the chair, and the chair continued forward into the bed, causing the resident’s right leg to strike the metal bed frame. The resident sustained a five-centimeter laceration to the right anterior lower leg, fractures of the right tibia and fibula, and a brief syncopal episode secondary to blood loss. The resident also received an anticoagulant, which contributed to significant bleeding. The clinical record contained no evidence that the resident had been assessed to safely operate the electric wheelchair before use. Resident 3 was admitted with a right total hip replacement with deep hardware removal and post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the right hip. The resident had a high fall risk on Morse Fall Scale assessments, cognitive impairment on OT evaluation, and a PT evaluation showing a score of zero on the Short Physical Performance Battery, indicating high fall risk and increased risk of mobility disability. The resident fell on 3/31/26 after getting up independently and sustained a right femur fracture requiring surgical repair, and fell again on 5/12/26 after getting up independently and sustained a skin tear to the right elbow. The care plan identified fall risk and included reminders to use the call light, non-skid socks, and one-person assistance for toileting and transfers, but revisions to the care plan did not add new or amended fall prevention interventions. Staff statements indicated the resident continued to self-transfer and toilet without assistance, staff believed the resident was independent, and the existing fall prevention interventions were ineffective.
Unsafe One-Person Use of Mechanical Lift
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure safe use of a mechanical lift for 2 of 3 residents reviewed for accidents. During an observation on 6/2/2026 at 8:42 AM, Resident #4 was lying on his bed on top of a Hoyer pad while CNA Staff K stood on the right side of the bed with a mechanical lift; the lift hand bags were observed over the resident, and no other staff member was in the room. Staff K stated that he was weighing Resident #4 and that normally only one person uses the Hoyer lift for weights, although the resident’s care plan documented a Hoyer lift with 2 assist. On 6/4/2026 at 10:15 AM, CNA Staff D was observed using a Hoyer lift alone to obtain Resident #13’s weight, with the resident lifted approximately 12 inches off the mattress in the sling and no other staff present. Staff D stated that he was performing weekly weights and most of the time did the weights using the Hoyer lift by himself. Resident #13’s MDS Section GG coded the resident as dependent, and the facility’s mechanical lift competency checklist stated that two caregivers are present, while the facility policy for using a mechanical lifting device stated that at least two nursing assistants are needed to safely move a resident with a mechanical lift. The DON and Director of Therapy both stated that a mechanical lift should always be used by two staff members.
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