Failure to Follow Hand Hygiene and Enhanced Barrier Precautions During Incontinence Care
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to maintain an effective infection prevention and control program, including required hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), during incontinence care for two residents. For one resident with cerebral palsy, severe cognitive impairment, total dependence for care, bowel and bladder incontinence, and a feeding tube, the record showed active orders for Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) every shift. The resident’s care plan documented dependence on staff for all ADLs, including incontinence care and repositioning. An EBP sign posted by the resident’s name plate instructed that everyone must clean their hands before entering and when leaving the room, and that staff must wear gloves and a gown for high-contact resident care activities such as dressing, bathing, transferring, changing linens, and providing hygiene. PPE was available just inside the room door and hand sanitizer was located outside the room. On observation, two CNAs entered this resident’s room without performing hand hygiene and without donning a gown or gloves prior to entry, despite the EBP signage and available PPE. Once inside, they applied clean gloves, closed the door, and pulled the privacy curtain. One CNA prepared supplies on a clean barrier, unlatched the resident’s brief, and cleansed the perineal area, then turned the resident to her side and cleansed the buttocks. The CNA rolled the soiled brief inward and discarded it in the trash. Without changing gloves or performing hand hygiene, the CNA then obtained a clean brief, placed it under the resident, turned her back, and secured the brief. Both CNAs then repositioned the resident, removed their gloves, and exited the room without performing hand hygiene, proceeding down the hallway. This sequence did not follow the facility’s EBP policy, hand hygiene policy, or perineal care policy, which required gown and glove use for high-contact care under EBP, hand hygiene before and after resident contact and after glove removal, and glove removal and hand sanitizing before handling clean linens or briefs. A second observation involved another resident with hemiplegia following cerebral infarction, aphasia, seizure disorder, anxiety, severe cognitive impairment, and total dependence on staff for toileting, showering, dressing, and incontinence care. For this resident, the two CNAs performed hand hygiene upon room entry, shut the door, pulled the privacy curtain, gathered supplies on a clean barrier, and donned clean gloves. One CNA unlatched the brief and cleansed the perineal area using a new wipe with each swipe, while the other CNA assisted with turning the resident to her side so the buttocks could be cleansed. The soiled brief was folded inward and discarded. Without changing gloves or performing hand hygiene, the CNA then obtained and applied a clean brief, and both CNAs repositioned the resident. After care, both CNAs removed their gloves; only one performed hand hygiene, while the other exited the room and went down the hallway without cleaning her hands. This conduct conflicted with the facility’s hand hygiene and perineal care policies, which required hand hygiene before moving from soiled to clean body sites, immediately after glove removal, and before touching clean linens or briefs. In interviews, one CNA reported working at the facility for two months and stated that hand hygiene should be performed anytime she enters or exits a resident’s room, acknowledging she had washed her hands in the utility room when gathering supplies for the first resident but did not perform hand hygiene upon entering or exiting the room and that she “must have forgotten.” She stated she washed her hands before incontinence care on the second resident but forgot to do so afterward, and reported she had not been taught to change gloves during incontinence care, usually using the same gloves throughout and only changing them before putting on new sheets. She also stated she was not aware the first resident was on EBP, missed seeing the sign, and had not been trained to use a gown for that resident’s care, despite recognizing that not wearing PPE and not performing appropriate hand hygiene or glove changes could cause cross contamination and spread infections. The second CNA stated that hand hygiene should be performed before and after any care but admitted she did not perform hand hygiene before or after incontinence care on the first resident, explaining she normally washes her hands but had not been feeling well and forgot. She stated she was familiar with EBP and believed a gown and gloves should be worn before entering the room, was aware of the sign and saw the PPE, but thought it was only needed if the resident was sick and did not know that a feeding tube required gown use. The ADON stated her expectation that staff perform hand hygiene when entering or leaving a resident room and that, with any incontinence care, hand hygiene should be performed between glove changes, specifically between removing a soiled brief and applying a clean brief. She stated that if CNAs were not performing hand hygiene or glove changes appropriately, it could cause a risk of spreading infections or UTIs, and that staff should use PPE for any resident care when a resident is on EBP, as indicated by signage and PPE bins. The DON, who served as the infection preventionist, stated she expected staff to perform hand hygiene when entering or leaving rooms and when going from dirty to clean during incontinence care, and that failure to perform hand hygiene or change gloves appropriately was an infection control issue with a risk of infection. She also stated she expected staff to wear a gown and gloves before entering a resident room on EBP, that staff were trained upon hire and as needed on infection control and incontinence care, and that failure to use PPE was an infection control issue. The Administrator stated he expected staff to wash their hands before and after care, before wearing gloves, and with any glove changes, and that improper hand hygiene could transfer infections. The facility’s written policies and CDC guidelines reviewed by surveyors supported these expectations for hand hygiene, glove changes, and EBP use, which were not followed in the observed care for the two residents.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
Failure to Follow EBP and Hand Hygiene During Incontinence Care: A resident with a catheter, hospice care, heart failure, and a lumbar compression fracture had a care plan for EBP requiring gown and gloves for high-contact care. During incontinence care, a CNA provided care without a gown, touched the bed linens, curtain, and gown with a uniform, and handled stool-soiled items without changing gloves or performing hand hygiene. A second CNA assisted with turning and wiping stool but changed gloves without hand hygiene; an RN later stated the PPE and hand hygiene used were not appropriate.
Infection Control and EBP Not Used During Wound Care Three residents with open wounds received wound care from RNs without PPE, and there was no PPE or precaution signage outside their rooms. The nurses and leadership stated the residents were not on EBP because the wounds were not infected or were considered simple dressings, even though the facility policy required gown and glove use for wound care involving any skin opening requiring a dressing and identified complex/infected wounds as EBP indications.
Failure to follow EBP during urinary catheter care: an LPN provided catheter care to a resident without wearing the required PPE gown, despite an EBP sign posted on the room door and gowns being available at the entrance. The nurse stated he wore a gown for contact precautions but not for EBP and was unaware a gown was required for catheter care; the IP, DON, and Administrator all stated a gown was expected for this high-contact activity.
A resident admitted for skilled nursing services did not have documented TB testing completed on admission. A T-spot was later drawn, but there was no record that the specimen was sent to the lab or that results were obtained. The DON stated the facility missed the resident during TB audit checks and that the sample was not processed because the lab form was not sent with it, despite the facility policy requiring TB screening and testing within 72 hours of admission.
The facility failed to maintain infection control for two residents. An RN did not sanitize hands between glove changes while administering medication via a resident’s PEG tube, despite the resident being on EBP and having a care plan for tube feeding and meds via PEG. In another instance, a resident with respiratory failure had oxygen tubing left unbagged when not in use, even though staff stated it should be bagged to prevent contamination.
A resident with klebsiella, a UTI, MDR organism status, an indwelling urinary catheter, and IV access was on contact precautions with signage at the door requiring hand hygiene, gown, and gloves before entry. A CNA entered the room and answered the call light without PPE, and later stated she only used PPE for catheter care. The charge nurse and DON stated staff were expected to wear PPE whenever entering the contact isolation room.
Failure to Follow EBP and Hand Hygiene During Incontinence Care
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow infection control practices related to enhanced barrier precautions and hand hygiene for Resident 12. Resident 12 was readmitted with diagnoses including heart failure, end of life care (hospice), and a compression fracture in the lumbar area, and was able to communicate needs. The care plan, initiated on 01/19/2026, directed staff to use enhanced barrier precautions because of the resident’s catheter, including wearing a gown and gloves for high-contact care. During observation on 06/17/2026, Staff H, a CNA, answered Resident 12’s call light and provided incontinence care without wearing an isolation gown, using only gloves. While providing care, Staff H touched the bed linen, privacy curtain, and the resident’s gown with a uniform. Staff H then removed the front part of the incontinent brief and wiped loose stools with wipes, while touching the privacy curtain, bed linens, and a pillow on the chair next to the bed with soiled gloves without changing gloves or performing hand hygiene. A second CNA entered with gown and gloves and assisted with turning the resident and wiping loose stools from the back, but changed gloves and did not perform hand hygiene. Staff J, RN, later entered the room and applied ointment, and stated Staff H should not have provided care without proper PPE and hand hygiene. The DON stated staff were to perform hand hygiene before putting on gloves when changing gloves and after using gloves, and that staff not following EBP and lack of hand hygiene did not meet expectations.
Infection Control and Enhanced Barrier Precautions Not Used During Wound Care
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to maintain an infection control program designed to provide a safe, comfortable, and sanitary environment to help prevent the development and transmission of disease for three residents and two nurses reviewed for infection control. During wound care observations, RN B entered a resident’s room to provide care for a stage 3 pressure ulcer on the right glute without PPE, and there was no visible PPE outside the room or signage indicating transmission-based precautions. RN A also entered two other residents’ rooms without PPE while providing wound care, and there was no visible PPE outside those rooms or signage indicating transmission-based precautions. Resident #3 was a male with diagnoses including Alzheimer’s disease, prostate cancer, depression, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease. His MDS showed severe cognitive impairment and one stage 3 pressure ulcer. His care plan and physician orders directed wound care to the right glute. During observation, RN B provided wound care without PPE. In interview, RN B stated the resident was not on enhanced barrier precautions because the wound was not infected, and she stated enhanced barrier precautions were only needed for complex wounds requiring multilayer dressings. She also stated she had been trained in enhanced barrier precautions. Resident #66 was a female with diagnoses including left femur fracture, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Her MDS showed moderate cognitive impairment and one unstageable deep tissue injury. Her care plan and physician orders directed daily wound care to the left heel. During observation, RN A provided wound care without PPE. Resident #85 was a male with diagnoses including Alzheimer’s disease, edema, diabetes, and hypertension. His MDS showed moderate cognitive impairment and risk for pressure ulcers. His care plan and physician orders directed daily wound care to bilateral lower leg wounds. During observation, RN A provided wound care without PPE. RN A stated both residents were not on enhanced barrier precautions because the wounds were not infections, and she stated she had been trained in enhanced barrier precautions. The DON, ADON, IP, and ADM all stated that the three residents were not on enhanced barrier precautions because their wounds were not infected or were simple dressings. The DON and ADON stated enhanced barrier precautions were used for residents with complex wound dressings, infections, or certain devices such as Foley catheters, PICC/CVL lines, drains, or wound vacs. The facility policy stated enhanced barrier precautions are used to reduce the spread of MDROs, are indicated for complex/infected wounds, and require signs outside the room and PPE available near or outside the room. The facility sign also stated staff must wear gloves and gown for wound care involving any skin opening requiring a dressing.
Failure to Follow EBP During Urinary Catheter Care
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to follow its infection control policy and procedure for Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) when Nurse #1 did not don a protective gown before providing urinary catheter care to Resident #7. The facility’s Infection Prevention and Control Program stated that EBP was designed to reduce transmission of multidrug resistant organisms by requiring gown use during high-contact resident care activities, including urinary catheter care. A sign posted on the resident’s room door instructed staff to wear a gown for urinary catheter care, and a PPE storage container with gowns was available at the room entrance. During observation, Nurse #1 entered the room, washed his hands, put on gloves, and performed catheter care, including cleaning the catheter insertion site and tubing and flushing 30 milliliters of acetic acid into the catheter tubing, without wearing a gown. After removing his gloves, he cleaned his hands with sanitizing wipes. In interview, Nurse #1 stated he did not wear a PPE gown for a resident on EBP and was not aware that a gown should be worn during urinary catheter care. The Infection Preventionist stated EBP signs were used as reminders and instructions for required PPE, and that Nurse #1 had recently attended an in-service on EBP. The DON and Administrator both stated they expected Nurse #1 to follow EBP and wear a gown during catheter care.
Incomplete TB Testing on Admission
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure that 1 of 5 sampled residents, R12, had completed TB testing upon admission. R12’s admission record showed admission to the facility in March 2026 for skilled nursing services. A progress note dated 5/11/26 documented that an interferon-gamma release assay (T-spot) test was drawn, but there was no further documentation showing that the specimen was sent to the laboratory or that results were obtained. There was also no documentation showing that TB testing had been completed at admission in March 2026 rather than as a delayed test in May 2026. During interview, the DON stated the facility had been auditing for missing TB testing and had missed R12 during that process; she explained that blood had been drawn for the T-spot, but the facility forgot to send the form with the sample to the lab, so the process ended there. Review of the facility’s Resident Tuberculosis Prevention and Control policy showed that all new resident admissions were to have TB screening and testing completed within 72 hours of admission.
Infection Control Lapses With PEG Medication Administration and Oxygen Tubing Storage
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to establish and maintain an infection prevention and control program for 2 of 32 residents reviewed for infection control. One deficiency involved a resident with a PEG tube, severe cognitive impairment, stroke, colon cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and kidney disease. During medication administration through the PEG tube, RN E did not sanitize her hands between glove changes while giving acetaminophen via the tube. RN E stated she was supposed to sanitize her hands between glove changes when giving medications through a PEG tube, and the DON stated hand sanitizing between glove changes was important to prevent cross contamination during PEG medication administration. The resident’s record showed an active order for acetaminophen via PEG tube and a care plan noting the resident required tube feeding, meds, and water flushes only. The care plan also noted the resident was on enhanced barrier precautions. The facility policy stated hand hygiene is the primary means of preventing transmission of infection and includes hand hygiene after removing gloves. RN E’s hand hygiene checkoff documented training on hand washing with soap and water and hand sanitizer. A second deficiency involved a resident with acute and chronic respiratory failure with hypoxia who used oxygen at night. Observation showed the resident sitting in his room with an oxygen concentrator near his bed and oxygen tubing unbagged and secured around the top. The resident stated his tubing was not bagged and staff had not provided a bag for when it was not in use. RN C stated the tubing should be bagged when not in use to prevent dust or dirt particles from entering and causing infection, and the DON and ADM stated unprotected oxygen tubing could lead to cross contamination. The facility respiratory policy stated the oxygen set-up should be dated and stored in a treatment bag when not in use.
Failure to Use PPE in Contact Isolation Room
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to establish and maintain an infection prevention and control program for Resident #31, who was admitted after hospitalization with diagnoses including klebsiella pneumoniae and a UTI, and who was also documented as having a multi-drug-resistant organism, an indwelling urinary catheter, and intravenous access. The resident’s hospital record showed he had been diagnosed with a multi-drug-resistant organism UTI and treated with IV antibiotics through a PICC line under isolation contact precautions. The admission report form documented that the hospital RN reported the resident needed contact isolation precautions and IV antibiotic meropenem. Resident #31’s physician ordered contact precautions due to bacteremia klebsiella, and the care plan identified infection, antibiotics for urosepsis, multidrug-resistant organism, and risk for adverse reactions, with universal standard precautions to prevent cross contamination and spread of infection. During observation, the resident’s room had contact precaution signage stating that staff must clean hands before entering and when leaving, put on gloves and gown before room entry, and discard them before room exit. Despite this signage, CNA E answered the resident’s call light and entered the room without putting on any PPE. During interview, Resident #31 stated staff sometimes wore gowns and gloves but had not done so when the CNA came in to reposition him. CNA E stated she entered the room without PPE and said she would wear PPE only when providing urinary catheter care, not when she was not providing catheter care. The charge nurse stated CNA E had been trained to wear PPE whenever entering the room and that the resident was cared for under contact isolation precautions. The DON stated the expectation was for all staff entering a contact isolation room to perform hand hygiene and don a gown and gloves before entry and remove PPE before exiting.
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